涉野生动物刑事案件中民族习惯宽宥功能的正当性检视

涉野生动物刑事案件在我国少数民族地区较为高发,民族习惯已在相关案件量刑中发挥了刑事责任的宽宥功能。在此背景下,对民族习惯宽宥功能正当性的研究具有重要理论意义。文章基于现代刑法的责任原则和刑法目的理论,结合我国宽严相济的刑事政策,参考我国相关典型案例,对该问题进行了理论研究,主要结论表明:民族习惯是行为人法敌对动机与人身危险性的体现。当存在民族习惯情节时,被告人的法敌对动机与人身危险性实际小于客观违法结果所体现出来的程度,其刑事责任因此可得减轻。民族习惯的刑事宽宥功能具有理念正当性、价值正当性与政策正当性。

双层错位涡轮桨搅拌槽内的气液混合（英文）

Towards the objective of improving the gas dispersion performance,the dislocated-blade Rushton impeller was applied to the gas-liquid mixing in a baffled stirred vessel.The flow field,gas hold-up,dissolved oxygen,power consumption before and after gassing were studied using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technique.Dispersion of gas in the liquid was modelled using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach along with the dispersedκ-ε turbulent model.Rotation of the impeller was simulated with the multiple reference frame method.A modified drag coefficient which includes the effect of turbulence was used to account for the momentum exchange.The predictions were compared with their counterparts of the standard Rushton impeller and were validated with the experimental results.It is concluded that the dislocated-blade Rushton impeller is superior to the standard Rushton impeller in the gas-liquid mixing operation,and the findings obtained here lay the basis of its application in process industries.

软件转换性使用规则的美国实践与中国应对

截至2021年12月31日,美国司法审判中有关软件转换性使用的案例共计16件,通过归纳分析可知,当软件开发者以开发不同功能的新软件为目的、主张对原软件合理使用时,美国法院有可能认定其行为属于转换性使用,从而打破了合理使用“四要素”的判断方法。我国软件企业进入美国市场时,应当关注诉讼成本、版权注册、软件类型、地方保护等因素。考虑到我国的软件行业发展现状和法律体系与美国的差异,我国现阶段不宜引入软件转换性使用规则。