Theories and experiments on dirty superconductors are complex but important in terms of both theoretical fundamentals and practical applications.These activities are even more challenging when magnetic fields are pres...Theories and experiments on dirty superconductors are complex but important in terms of both theoretical fundamentals and practical applications.These activities are even more challenging when magnetic fields are present because the field distribution,electron density of states,and superconducting pairing potentials become nonuniform.Here,we present tunneling microspectroscopic experiments on NbC single crystals and demonstrate that NbC is a homogeneous dirty superconductor.When applying magnetic fields to the samples,we found that the zero-energy local density of states and the pairing energy gap followed the explicit scaling relation proposed by de Gennes for homogeneous dirty superconductors in high magnetic fields.More significantly,our experimental findings indicate that the validity of the scaling relation extends to magnetic field strengths far below the upper critical field,calling for a new nonperturbative understanding of this fundamental property in dirty superconductors.On the practical side,we used the observed scaling relation to derive a simple and straightforward experimental scheme for estimating the superconducting coherence length of a dirty superconductor in magnetic fields.展开更多
彩色小麦的产量通常低于普通白粒和红粒小麦,籽粒偏小是原因之一。为解析控制彩色小麦产量性状的遗传基础,分析了239份彩色小麦品种(系)在4个环境下的表型特性和16 K SNP芯片基因型数据,对株高和籽粒性状(千粒重、籽粒长、籽粒宽和籽粒...彩色小麦的产量通常低于普通白粒和红粒小麦,籽粒偏小是原因之一。为解析控制彩色小麦产量性状的遗传基础,分析了239份彩色小麦品种(系)在4个环境下的表型特性和16 K SNP芯片基因型数据,对株高和籽粒性状(千粒重、籽粒长、籽粒宽和籽粒长宽比)的QTL进行了全基因组关联分析(genome-wide-association-study,GWAS)。结果显示,各表型性状的变异系数为5.11%~32.91%,广义遗传力为71.88%~97.00%,多数性状之间具有显著相关性。通过GWAS共筛选出26728个多态性SNP标记,定位到了17个与目标性状显著相关的稳定QTL位点,分布在1A、1B、1D、2B等12条染色体上,单个QTL解释5.26%~11.66%的表型变异,其中在3个环境下均被检测到的QTL有5个,分别为QPh.nwafu-4B.1、QKlwr.nwafu-1D、QKlwr.nwafu-4D、QKlwr.nwafu-5B.1和QKlwr.nwafu-6A.2;共发现10个未见报道的新QTL位点,分别为与株高相关的QPh.nwafu-4B.3,与千粒重相关的QTkw.nwafu-3B和QTkw.nwafu-6A,与籽粒长宽比相关的QKlwr.nwafu-1A、QKlwr.nwafu-1B、QKlwr.nwafu-4A、QKlwr.nwafu-5B.2、QKlwr.nwafu-6A.1和QKlwr.nwafu-6A.2。这些QTL位点初步表明了彩色小麦株高与籽粒性状基因位点的分布、组成,可为彩色小麦产量遗传改良提高参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0302903,2016YFA0300602,2016YFA0300604,and 2016YFJC010282)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11227903,12004416,and U2032204)+3 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,China(Grant Nos.Z181100004218007 and Z191100007219011)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB921304)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB07000000,XDB28000000 and XDB33000000)supported by the US Department of Energy(Basic Energy Sciences Grant No.DE-FG02-99ER45747).
文摘Theories and experiments on dirty superconductors are complex but important in terms of both theoretical fundamentals and practical applications.These activities are even more challenging when magnetic fields are present because the field distribution,electron density of states,and superconducting pairing potentials become nonuniform.Here,we present tunneling microspectroscopic experiments on NbC single crystals and demonstrate that NbC is a homogeneous dirty superconductor.When applying magnetic fields to the samples,we found that the zero-energy local density of states and the pairing energy gap followed the explicit scaling relation proposed by de Gennes for homogeneous dirty superconductors in high magnetic fields.More significantly,our experimental findings indicate that the validity of the scaling relation extends to magnetic field strengths far below the upper critical field,calling for a new nonperturbative understanding of this fundamental property in dirty superconductors.On the practical side,we used the observed scaling relation to derive a simple and straightforward experimental scheme for estimating the superconducting coherence length of a dirty superconductor in magnetic fields.
文摘彩色小麦的产量通常低于普通白粒和红粒小麦,籽粒偏小是原因之一。为解析控制彩色小麦产量性状的遗传基础,分析了239份彩色小麦品种(系)在4个环境下的表型特性和16 K SNP芯片基因型数据,对株高和籽粒性状(千粒重、籽粒长、籽粒宽和籽粒长宽比)的QTL进行了全基因组关联分析(genome-wide-association-study,GWAS)。结果显示,各表型性状的变异系数为5.11%~32.91%,广义遗传力为71.88%~97.00%,多数性状之间具有显著相关性。通过GWAS共筛选出26728个多态性SNP标记,定位到了17个与目标性状显著相关的稳定QTL位点,分布在1A、1B、1D、2B等12条染色体上,单个QTL解释5.26%~11.66%的表型变异,其中在3个环境下均被检测到的QTL有5个,分别为QPh.nwafu-4B.1、QKlwr.nwafu-1D、QKlwr.nwafu-4D、QKlwr.nwafu-5B.1和QKlwr.nwafu-6A.2;共发现10个未见报道的新QTL位点,分别为与株高相关的QPh.nwafu-4B.3,与千粒重相关的QTkw.nwafu-3B和QTkw.nwafu-6A,与籽粒长宽比相关的QKlwr.nwafu-1A、QKlwr.nwafu-1B、QKlwr.nwafu-4A、QKlwr.nwafu-5B.2、QKlwr.nwafu-6A.1和QKlwr.nwafu-6A.2。这些QTL位点初步表明了彩色小麦株高与籽粒性状基因位点的分布、组成,可为彩色小麦产量遗传改良提高参考。
