不同浓度罗派卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的临床比较

对临床老年患者进行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的过程中,利用不同浓度的罗哌卡因是否有效果方面的不同进行对照,从而选择有效的麻醉剂量。方法 在本院所有所收治的进行臂丛神经阻滞的老年患者中,抽取70例开展研究,随机分为观察组(n=35)和对照组(n=35)。对照组使用0.25%的罗哌卡因,观察组使用0.375%的罗哌卡因,对两组麻醉后感觉与运动神经阻滞起效时间、维持时间进行观察,并评价有无并发症等方面的不利影响出现。结果 干预后可见,观察感觉神经阻滞和运动神经阻滞起效时间更早,相比之下持续时间更长一些(P<0.05),而且均未出现明显的麻醉并发症,取得的干预效果更加满意。结论对于老年群体需要进行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的患者群体来说,使用罗哌卡因时,选择浓度为0.375%的罗哌卡因进行麻醉效果相对更好,起效早而且维持时间长,与应用低浓度的患者并未呈现出明显的并发症方面差异,安全性相对较为可观。

Regulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the expression of sensory neuropeptide mRNAs in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate

Objective To determine the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） on the expression of preprotachykinin （PPT） mRNA encoding substance P （SP） and calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） mRNA in cultured dorsal root ganglion （DRG） neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate （Glu）. Methods DRGs were dissected from embryonic day 15 Wistar rats. DRG neurons were dissociated and cultured for 48 h and then exposed to Glu （0.2 mmol/L） or Glu （0.2 mmol/L） plus IGF- 1 （5 nmol/L, 10 nmol/L and 20 nmol/L） for 12 h. The DRG neurons in control group were exposed to only growth media throughout the experiment. After that, the living DRG neurons were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope and microphotographs were taken. The expression levels of PPT and CGRP mRNAs were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results IGF-1 could inhibit Glu-induced shortening of neurite. Besides, IGF-1 could significantly increase the levels ofPPT mRNA and CGRP mRNA in primary cultured DRG neurons with Glu-induced excitotoxicity, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion IGF-1 may exert neuroprotective effects on DRG neurons against Glu-induced excitotoxicity, probably through regulating the expression levels of PPT and CGRP mRNAs.

阿尔兹海默病的表观遗传学机制及相关药物研究

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,以神经元减少、老年斑形成及神经原纤维缠结等为特征,是老年痴呆症的最常见原因。人们对表观遗传学在AD发病中的机制已经做了许多研究,如相关基因的甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化,但具体机制仍未完全明确。本文对AD的表观遗传学机制及相关药物研究进行综述,为AD表观遗传学治疗药物的研发提供新的方向。