By employing atomic-resolution imaging and first principles energy calculations, the growth behavior of S-phase precipitates in a high strength A1-Cu-Mg alloy was investigated. It is demonstrated that the nucleation a...By employing atomic-resolution imaging and first principles energy calculations, the growth behavior of S-phase precipitates in a high strength A1-Cu-Mg alloy was investigated. It is demonstrated that the nucleation and growth of the S-phase precipitate are rather anisotropic and temperature-dependent companying with low dimensional phase transformation. There are actually two types of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones that determine the formation mechanism of S-phase at high aging temperatures higher than 180 ℃. One is the precursors of the S-phase itself, the other is the structural units or the precursors of the well-known Guinier-Preston-Bagaryatsky (GPB) zones. At high temperatures the later GPB zone units may form around S-phase precipitate and cease its growth in the width direction, leading to the formation of rod-like S-phase crystals; whereas at low temperatures the S-phase precipitates develop without the interference with GPB zones, resulting in S-phase orecioitates with lath-like momhology.展开更多
透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)具有超高的空间分辨率,是化学、材料科学、物理学、生物科学等领域最重要的研究手段之一.影响TEM空间分辨率的因素众多,不仅包括电镜自身结构和成像原理等,还有样品性质等原因.为...透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)具有超高的空间分辨率,是化学、材料科学、物理学、生物科学等领域最重要的研究手段之一.影响TEM空间分辨率的因素众多,不仅包括电镜自身结构和成像原理等,还有样品性质等原因.为系统且全面地了解TEM分辨率的涵义、原理与应用,本文通过回顾TEM空间分辨率的发展历史,从理论上厘清了TEM空间分辨率的概念、物理涵义、影响因素和适用范围;从电镜装置角度,分别概述了电子枪、磁透镜、图像探测器和电镜内外部环境对空间分辨率的影响规律,以及单色器、像差校正器和新型图像探测器的发展现状;从实际应用角度,重点介绍了样品过厚、电子束损伤、积碳和原子振动等降低空间分辨率的作用机理及解决途径.本文可为非电子显微学研究者们正确使用TEM提供参考.展开更多
高分辨透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)原位实验是在纳米乃至皮米尺度上实时研究物质在不同场环境中的原子和电子结构变化、探寻材料在使役条件下性能根源的一类实验研究方法,在基础科学探索与产业技术研发的源...高分辨透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)原位实验是在纳米乃至皮米尺度上实时研究物质在不同场环境中的原子和电子结构变化、探寻材料在使役条件下性能根源的一类实验研究方法,在基础科学探索与产业技术研发的源头创新中起着不可或缺的作用.本文详细介绍了高分辨透射电镜原位实验研究的技术原理以及应用进展.按照原位电镜实验实现手段进行分类,概述原位电子束照射、环境透射电镜、四维超快电镜、原位加热、加电、力学、光学、液体、气体样品杆等各类高分辨原位电镜实验的实验技术、原理以及应用的最新进展.随着技术的进步,高分辨原位电镜实验正向着芯片化、复合化和定量化的方向发展,而目前所遇到的电子束、磁场的干扰以及成像速度问题相信在不远的将来会得到解决.展开更多
基金Projects(51371081,11427806,51471067,51171063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009CB623704) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘By employing atomic-resolution imaging and first principles energy calculations, the growth behavior of S-phase precipitates in a high strength A1-Cu-Mg alloy was investigated. It is demonstrated that the nucleation and growth of the S-phase precipitate are rather anisotropic and temperature-dependent companying with low dimensional phase transformation. There are actually two types of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones that determine the formation mechanism of S-phase at high aging temperatures higher than 180 ℃. One is the precursors of the S-phase itself, the other is the structural units or the precursors of the well-known Guinier-Preston-Bagaryatsky (GPB) zones. At high temperatures the later GPB zone units may form around S-phase precipitate and cease its growth in the width direction, leading to the formation of rod-like S-phase crystals; whereas at low temperatures the S-phase precipitates develop without the interference with GPB zones, resulting in S-phase orecioitates with lath-like momhology.
文摘透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)具有超高的空间分辨率,是化学、材料科学、物理学、生物科学等领域最重要的研究手段之一.影响TEM空间分辨率的因素众多,不仅包括电镜自身结构和成像原理等,还有样品性质等原因.为系统且全面地了解TEM分辨率的涵义、原理与应用,本文通过回顾TEM空间分辨率的发展历史,从理论上厘清了TEM空间分辨率的概念、物理涵义、影响因素和适用范围;从电镜装置角度,分别概述了电子枪、磁透镜、图像探测器和电镜内外部环境对空间分辨率的影响规律,以及单色器、像差校正器和新型图像探测器的发展现状;从实际应用角度,重点介绍了样品过厚、电子束损伤、积碳和原子振动等降低空间分辨率的作用机理及解决途径.本文可为非电子显微学研究者们正确使用TEM提供参考.
文摘高分辨透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)原位实验是在纳米乃至皮米尺度上实时研究物质在不同场环境中的原子和电子结构变化、探寻材料在使役条件下性能根源的一类实验研究方法,在基础科学探索与产业技术研发的源头创新中起着不可或缺的作用.本文详细介绍了高分辨透射电镜原位实验研究的技术原理以及应用进展.按照原位电镜实验实现手段进行分类,概述原位电子束照射、环境透射电镜、四维超快电镜、原位加热、加电、力学、光学、液体、气体样品杆等各类高分辨原位电镜实验的实验技术、原理以及应用的最新进展.随着技术的进步,高分辨原位电镜实验正向着芯片化、复合化和定量化的方向发展,而目前所遇到的电子束、磁场的干扰以及成像速度问题相信在不远的将来会得到解决.