金属锂具有超高理论比容量密度(3680 mA·h·g^(-1))和低还原电位(?3.04 V vs.SHE),被认为是高能量密度电池负极材料的“圣杯”.然而,由于锂枝晶不可控生长和对电解质高反应性导致的库仑效率低、循环寿命短及内短路等问题严重...金属锂具有超高理论比容量密度(3680 mA·h·g^(-1))和低还原电位(?3.04 V vs.SHE),被认为是高能量密度电池负极材料的“圣杯”.然而,由于锂枝晶不可控生长和对电解质高反应性导致的库仑效率低、循环寿命短及内短路等问题严重制约着金属锂负极的实用化进展.在实际的电化学体系中,集流体作为金属锂沉积/脱出的基底,其表面性质对锂负极的循环稳定性起着至关重要的作用.本文从负极、集流体表面成分以及微结构设计两方面系统总结了构建三维亲锂骨架材料的改性策略.利用金属、金属氧化物、杂原子掺杂、聚合物材料及有机框架材料等高亲锂材料对集流体和负极的界面及结构进行针对性调控修饰,可以有效调控金属锂的电沉积,推进金属锂负极在高能量密度电池体系中的实用化进程.展开更多
An efficient dimedone-catalyzed synthesis of highly functionalized thiazol-2-yl substituted E-acrylonitrile derivatives has been established through two-step reaction of a-thiocyanate ketones with malononitrile and am...An efficient dimedone-catalyzed synthesis of highly functionalized thiazol-2-yl substituted E-acrylonitrile derivatives has been established through two-step reaction of a-thiocyanate ketones with malononitrile and amines. The a-thiocyanate ketones were subjected with malononitrile to provide thiazol-2-ylidenemalononitrile derivatives, followed with various amines in the presence of dimedone to yield the final thiazol-2-yl substituted acrylonitrile derivatives.展开更多
文摘金属锂具有超高理论比容量密度(3680 mA·h·g^(-1))和低还原电位(?3.04 V vs.SHE),被认为是高能量密度电池负极材料的“圣杯”.然而,由于锂枝晶不可控生长和对电解质高反应性导致的库仑效率低、循环寿命短及内短路等问题严重制约着金属锂负极的实用化进展.在实际的电化学体系中,集流体作为金属锂沉积/脱出的基底,其表面性质对锂负极的循环稳定性起着至关重要的作用.本文从负极、集流体表面成分以及微结构设计两方面系统总结了构建三维亲锂骨架材料的改性策略.利用金属、金属氧化物、杂原子掺杂、聚合物材料及有机框架材料等高亲锂材料对集流体和负极的界面及结构进行针对性调控修饰,可以有效调控金属锂的电沉积,推进金属锂负极在高能量密度电池体系中的实用化进程.
基金Supporting information for this article is available On the WWW under http：Nd-xlcloi.orgi10. 1002/cjoc.201100719 or from the author.Acknowledgement We are grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21072163, 21102124）, PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu Science and Technology Support Program （No. BE2011045）, Science Foundation in Interdisciplinary Major Research Project of Xuzhou Normal University （No. 09XKXK01）, and the NSF of Jiangsu Education Committee （No. 11KJB 150016）.
文摘An efficient dimedone-catalyzed synthesis of highly functionalized thiazol-2-yl substituted E-acrylonitrile derivatives has been established through two-step reaction of a-thiocyanate ketones with malononitrile and amines. The a-thiocyanate ketones were subjected with malononitrile to provide thiazol-2-ylidenemalononitrile derivatives, followed with various amines in the presence of dimedone to yield the final thiazol-2-yl substituted acrylonitrile derivatives.
