In the present study, a severe squall line(SL) was analyzed by using intensive observational surface data and radar monitoring products. In this process, mesoscale convergence lines, such as the sea breeze front(SBF),...In the present study, a severe squall line(SL) was analyzed by using intensive observational surface data and radar monitoring products. In this process, mesoscale convergence lines, such as the sea breeze front(SBF), gust front and dry line, served as the main triggering and strengthening factors. The transition from convection triggering to the formation of the initial shape was mainly affected by the convergence line of the SBF, which combined with thermal convection to form the main parts of the SL. In the later stage, the convergence line of the gust front merged with other convergence lines to form a series of strong convective cells. The SBF had good indicative significance in terms of severe convective weather warnings. The suitable conditions of heat, water vapor and vertical wind shear on the Shandong Peninsula were beneficial to the maintenance of the SL. Before SL occurrence, tropopause folding strengthened, which consequently enhanced the baroclinic property in the middle and upper troposphere. The high sensible heat flux at the surface easily produced a positive potential vorticity anomaly in the low layer, resulting in convective instability, which was conducive to the maintenance of these processes. In the system, when precipitation particles passed through the unsaturated air layer, they underwent strong evaporation, melting or sublimation, and the cooling effect formed negative buoyancy, which accelerated the sinking of the air and promoted the sustained development of the surface gale. Together with the development of lowlevel mesocyclones, the air pressure decreased rapidly, which was conducive to gale initiation.展开更多
2012年9月21日山东半岛南部海岸发生了一次局地性的极端暴雨过程,在约13h内降雨量达到394.1mm。该降雨过程不属于常规的暴雨天气形势,在高低空均没有典型的天气系统。本文利用自动气象站观测资料、雷达探测资料和0.25(°)×0.25...2012年9月21日山东半岛南部海岸发生了一次局地性的极端暴雨过程,在约13h内降雨量达到394.1mm。该降雨过程不属于常规的暴雨天气形势,在高低空均没有典型的天气系统。本文利用自动气象站观测资料、雷达探测资料和0.25(°)×0.25(°)的ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)再分析资料,对引发这次暴雨过程的多个影响因素进行了分析。结果显示:该天气系统并不深厚,但低空水汽辐合显著。自高层到低层大气层结呈现稳定-不稳定-稳定-不稳定的态势,利用位涡来表征的动力对流层顶出现明显的折叠现象,中高层干冷空气下滑与低层暖湿气流混合产生凝结可能是产生此次强降水的主要原因。湿位涡(MPV)的2个分量MPV1和MPV2的变化均发生在降雨前,MPV2在低层对降雨落区具有较好的示踪效果。中低层的等位温面上具有较强的向东位涡平流,风向与等位涡线几乎垂直,说明本次过程移动较快。展开更多
本文采用二维fractional Brown motion(f Bm)随机分形界面模拟不规则起伏地表,基于Longmire-Scott提出的土壤电参数等效模型(L-S模型),分析研究不规则起伏地表的土壤湿度对地闪回击垂直电场传播的影响。结果表明:(1)地表的不规则起伏程...本文采用二维fractional Brown motion(f Bm)随机分形界面模拟不规则起伏地表,基于Longmire-Scott提出的土壤电参数等效模型(L-S模型),分析研究不规则起伏地表的土壤湿度对地闪回击垂直电场传播的影响。结果表明:(1)地表的不规则起伏程度主要会引起垂直电场峰值的衰减和上升沿时间的滞后。随着地表不规则起伏程度的增大,垂直电场峰值衰减越明显,且波形上升沿时间增长。(2)无论地表不规则程度如何,随着土壤湿度的增大,垂直电场的衰减反而减小。(3)总的来说,地表的不规则程度越大,土壤湿度越小,垂直电场的峰值衰减越大,波头上升沿时间越长。展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021MD062, ZR2021MD010, ZR2023MD118)National Natural Science Foundation of China (42275001)+2 种基金Shandong Meteorological Bureau Innovation Team Project (SDCXTD2023-1)Huaihe River Meteorology Open Research Fund (HRM201807)Key Special Project of Qingdao Meteorological Bureau (2023qdqxz02)。
文摘In the present study, a severe squall line(SL) was analyzed by using intensive observational surface data and radar monitoring products. In this process, mesoscale convergence lines, such as the sea breeze front(SBF), gust front and dry line, served as the main triggering and strengthening factors. The transition from convection triggering to the formation of the initial shape was mainly affected by the convergence line of the SBF, which combined with thermal convection to form the main parts of the SL. In the later stage, the convergence line of the gust front merged with other convergence lines to form a series of strong convective cells. The SBF had good indicative significance in terms of severe convective weather warnings. The suitable conditions of heat, water vapor and vertical wind shear on the Shandong Peninsula were beneficial to the maintenance of the SL. Before SL occurrence, tropopause folding strengthened, which consequently enhanced the baroclinic property in the middle and upper troposphere. The high sensible heat flux at the surface easily produced a positive potential vorticity anomaly in the low layer, resulting in convective instability, which was conducive to the maintenance of these processes. In the system, when precipitation particles passed through the unsaturated air layer, they underwent strong evaporation, melting or sublimation, and the cooling effect formed negative buoyancy, which accelerated the sinking of the air and promoted the sustained development of the surface gale. Together with the development of lowlevel mesocyclones, the air pressure decreased rapidly, which was conducive to gale initiation.
文摘2012年9月21日山东半岛南部海岸发生了一次局地性的极端暴雨过程,在约13h内降雨量达到394.1mm。该降雨过程不属于常规的暴雨天气形势,在高低空均没有典型的天气系统。本文利用自动气象站观测资料、雷达探测资料和0.25(°)×0.25(°)的ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)再分析资料,对引发这次暴雨过程的多个影响因素进行了分析。结果显示:该天气系统并不深厚,但低空水汽辐合显著。自高层到低层大气层结呈现稳定-不稳定-稳定-不稳定的态势,利用位涡来表征的动力对流层顶出现明显的折叠现象,中高层干冷空气下滑与低层暖湿气流混合产生凝结可能是产生此次强降水的主要原因。湿位涡(MPV)的2个分量MPV1和MPV2的变化均发生在降雨前,MPV2在低层对降雨落区具有较好的示踪效果。中低层的等位温面上具有较强的向东位涡平流,风向与等位涡线几乎垂直,说明本次过程移动较快。
文摘本文采用二维fractional Brown motion(f Bm)随机分形界面模拟不规则起伏地表,基于Longmire-Scott提出的土壤电参数等效模型(L-S模型),分析研究不规则起伏地表的土壤湿度对地闪回击垂直电场传播的影响。结果表明:(1)地表的不规则起伏程度主要会引起垂直电场峰值的衰减和上升沿时间的滞后。随着地表不规则起伏程度的增大,垂直电场峰值衰减越明显,且波形上升沿时间增长。(2)无论地表不规则程度如何,随着土壤湿度的增大,垂直电场的衰减反而减小。(3)总的来说,地表的不规则程度越大,土壤湿度越小,垂直电场的峰值衰减越大,波头上升沿时间越长。
