目的研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的药效评价及免疫调节作用。方法ICR小鼠,13~15 g,分为正常对照组、模型对照组,磷酸奥司他韦阳性药对照组及葛根汤颗粒高、中、低剂量组(6.6、3.3、1.7 g-...目的研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的药效评价及免疫调节作用。方法ICR小鼠,13~15 g,分为正常对照组、模型对照组,磷酸奥司他韦阳性药对照组及葛根汤颗粒高、中、低剂量组(6.6、3.3、1.7 g-1·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),每组10只,采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液感染建立小鼠病毒性肺炎模型,同时给予相关药物治疗。观察各组小鼠肺指数及肺指数抑制率,RT-PCR法检测肺组织核酸,ELISA法检测小鼠肺组织因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α;同时采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液滴鼻感染小鼠,造成死亡保护模型,观察小鼠感染后2周内的死亡情况,计算小鼠的死亡率、死亡保护率、平均存活天数和生命延长率。结果葛根汤颗粒中剂量组肺指数及肺组织病毒载量显著降低(P<0.01),肺指数抑制率为50.73%;葛根汤颗粒高、中剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01)、葛根汤颗粒中、低剂量组肺组织炎性因子TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.01);葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-6含量显著降低(P<0.01);模型组小鼠死亡率90%,平均存活天数9.45 d,葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组小鼠死亡率显著降低、平均存活天数显著延长,生命延长率显著提高(P<0.01)。结论葛根汤颗粒可通过调节模型小鼠免疫炎性因子水平达到改善病毒性肺炎小鼠免疫功能的作用,同时可显著降低模型小鼠肺指数和肺组织病毒载量,从而减轻模型小鼠的肺部炎性损伤;对模型小鼠有死亡保护作用。展开更多
针对北京市通州区缺乏生态基流的相关研究,本文以通州区主要河流为研究对象,基于MIKE11模型模拟2019年主要河流氨氮变化特征,并在5个国家级和市级考核监测断面采用水文学法和模型模拟分析城市河道生态基流。结果表明:北运河上游年均氨...针对北京市通州区缺乏生态基流的相关研究,本文以通州区主要河流为研究对象,基于MIKE11模型模拟2019年主要河流氨氮变化特征,并在5个国家级和市级考核监测断面采用水文学法和模型模拟分析城市河道生态基流。结果表明:北运河上游年均氨氮浓度为III类;凉水河、潮白河上段以及北运河中下游为IV类;凤港减河、港沟河及潮白河下段为V类。除王家摆、许各庄断面外,其余断面两种生态基流计算方法的结果较为接近。运潮减河入潮白河口生态基流推荐值为5.5 m3/s、北运河王家摆7.44 m3/s、凉水河许各庄8.83 m3/s、凤港减河小屯4.27 m3/s,港沟河后元化2.97 m3/s。各生态基流保障率均值为89%~100%,基本满足设计保障率要求。本研究对北京市通州区生态基流开展了尝试性的研究工作,为水环境管理提供技术支撑。In view of the lack of ecological base flow in Tongzhou District of Beijing, the main rivers in Tongzhou District were taken as the research object, and the changes of ammonia nitrogen in the main rivers in 2019 were simulated based on the MIKE11 model, while the ecological base flow of urban river was analyzed by hydrologic method at 5 national and municipal examination and monitoring sections. The results show that the annual average ammonia nitrogen concentration in the upper reaches of the Beiyun River was class III;the Liangshui River, the upper part of the Chaobai River, and the middle and lower reaches of the Beiyun River were class IV;the Fenggangjian River, the Ganggou River, and the lower part of the Chaobai River were class V. The calculation results of the two methods are close to each other except Wangjiabai and Xugezhuang. The recommended values of ecological base flow are as follows: 5.5 m3/s at Yunchaojian River, 7.44 m3/s at Wangjiabai, 8.83 m3/s at Xugezhuang, 4.27 m3/s at Xiaotun and 2.97 m3/s at Houyuanhua. The average guarantee rate of ecological base flow is 89%~100%, which basically meets the requirement of design guarantee rate. The ecological base flow studied in Tongzhou District of Beijing will provide technical support for water environment management.展开更多
文摘针对北京市通州区缺乏生态基流的相关研究,本文以通州区主要河流为研究对象,基于MIKE11模型模拟2019年主要河流氨氮变化特征,并在5个国家级和市级考核监测断面采用水文学法和模型模拟分析城市河道生态基流。结果表明:北运河上游年均氨氮浓度为III类;凉水河、潮白河上段以及北运河中下游为IV类;凤港减河、港沟河及潮白河下段为V类。除王家摆、许各庄断面外,其余断面两种生态基流计算方法的结果较为接近。运潮减河入潮白河口生态基流推荐值为5.5 m3/s、北运河王家摆7.44 m3/s、凉水河许各庄8.83 m3/s、凤港减河小屯4.27 m3/s,港沟河后元化2.97 m3/s。各生态基流保障率均值为89%~100%,基本满足设计保障率要求。本研究对北京市通州区生态基流开展了尝试性的研究工作,为水环境管理提供技术支撑。In view of the lack of ecological base flow in Tongzhou District of Beijing, the main rivers in Tongzhou District were taken as the research object, and the changes of ammonia nitrogen in the main rivers in 2019 were simulated based on the MIKE11 model, while the ecological base flow of urban river was analyzed by hydrologic method at 5 national and municipal examination and monitoring sections. The results show that the annual average ammonia nitrogen concentration in the upper reaches of the Beiyun River was class III;the Liangshui River, the upper part of the Chaobai River, and the middle and lower reaches of the Beiyun River were class IV;the Fenggangjian River, the Ganggou River, and the lower part of the Chaobai River were class V. The calculation results of the two methods are close to each other except Wangjiabai and Xugezhuang. The recommended values of ecological base flow are as follows: 5.5 m3/s at Yunchaojian River, 7.44 m3/s at Wangjiabai, 8.83 m3/s at Xugezhuang, 4.27 m3/s at Xiaotun and 2.97 m3/s at Houyuanhua. The average guarantee rate of ecological base flow is 89%~100%, which basically meets the requirement of design guarantee rate. The ecological base flow studied in Tongzhou District of Beijing will provide technical support for water environment management.
