微波加热具有加热速度快、均匀性好以及体加热等优点,已广泛应用于食品、材料、化工以及医药等领域。在实际应用中,一般采用比例-积分-微分控制(Proportional Integral Derivative control,PID)算法来控制加热过程的温度,以达到较好的...微波加热具有加热速度快、均匀性好以及体加热等优点,已广泛应用于食品、材料、化工以及医药等领域。在实际应用中,一般采用比例-积分-微分控制(Proportional Integral Derivative control,PID)算法来控制加热过程的温度,以达到较好的加热效果。然而,基于PID算法的微波加热温控系统存在控制速度较慢、超调量较高以及稳态误差较大的问题。为此,本文提出了采用动态矩阵控制(Dynamic Matrix Control,DMC)算法,实现对微波加热过程的快速稳定控制。本文首先介绍了DMC算法的基本原理。然后以土豆为例,搭建了基于固态源的微波加热系统,并测量了系统的模型参数,讨论了优化时域、校正系数、控制系数和控制时域等参数对控制系统性能的影响。最后与PID控制算法的实际控制结果进行了比较。结果表明,与PID算法相比,本文提出的基于DMC算法的微波加热的温度控制,其超调量减小了69.8%,上升时间减小了22.2%,调整时间减小了64.9%,最大稳态误差减小了22.9%。展开更多
We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing th...We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing the membrane needs numerous meshes. Using an anisotropic medium based on transformation optics, the thickness of the membrane can be exaggerated by at least one order, which eliminates rigorous mesh refinement and reduces unknowns greatly. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by a cylindrical cell model. Moreover, the influence on ITV with bound water(BW) layers is also studied. The results show that when cells are exposed to nanosecond electric field, BW layers should be rigorously considered in calculating ITV.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB328900 and 2013CB328905)
文摘We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing the membrane needs numerous meshes. Using an anisotropic medium based on transformation optics, the thickness of the membrane can be exaggerated by at least one order, which eliminates rigorous mesh refinement and reduces unknowns greatly. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by a cylindrical cell model. Moreover, the influence on ITV with bound water(BW) layers is also studied. The results show that when cells are exposed to nanosecond electric field, BW layers should be rigorously considered in calculating ITV.