The hoarding of copper coins duriug the mid - eighteenth century was a recurrent problcm for the Qing government. Reports from local officials at the time reveal that the problem varied regionally partly due to social...The hoarding of copper coins duriug the mid - eighteenth century was a recurrent problcm for the Qing government. Reports from local officials at the time reveal that the problem varied regionally partly due to social and natural factors, and more importantly, because of differences in regional levels of economic development. Understanding the history of the hoarding of coPper cash provides insights into the complicated circumstances that the Chinese economy faced during the process of transition from a traditional economy to a market economy.展开更多
The punishment for salt smuggling was severe in the Qing dynasty but the inefficiency of anti -smuggling personal underrnined the effectiveness of smuggling laws. The reasons for this inefficiency were the political c...The punishment for salt smuggling was severe in the Qing dynasty but the inefficiency of anti -smuggling personal underrnined the effectiveness of smuggling laws. The reasons for this inefficiency were the political corruption of the Qing dynasty and irrationality of the anti - smuggling system. Consequently, the more serious cases of salt smuggling of ten went unpunished while petty smugglers were prosecuted. Sometimes soldiers responsible for controlling smuggling even collaborated with smugglers. As a result the legal salt trade became increasingly difficult to sustain and salt smuggling spread nationwide.展开更多
文摘The hoarding of copper coins duriug the mid - eighteenth century was a recurrent problcm for the Qing government. Reports from local officials at the time reveal that the problem varied regionally partly due to social and natural factors, and more importantly, because of differences in regional levels of economic development. Understanding the history of the hoarding of coPper cash provides insights into the complicated circumstances that the Chinese economy faced during the process of transition from a traditional economy to a market economy.
文摘The punishment for salt smuggling was severe in the Qing dynasty but the inefficiency of anti -smuggling personal underrnined the effectiveness of smuggling laws. The reasons for this inefficiency were the political corruption of the Qing dynasty and irrationality of the anti - smuggling system. Consequently, the more serious cases of salt smuggling of ten went unpunished while petty smugglers were prosecuted. Sometimes soldiers responsible for controlling smuggling even collaborated with smugglers. As a result the legal salt trade became increasingly difficult to sustain and salt smuggling spread nationwide.
