青藏高原中部海拔超过4000 m的中更世古人类手脚印的发现引起了国内外古环境、考古、人类史学界的广泛关注,并予以很高评价。众多评论文章中,《河北师范大学学报(哲学与社会科学版)》上有一篇题为《西藏邱桑温泉手脚印遗迹及相关问题》...青藏高原中部海拔超过4000 m的中更世古人类手脚印的发现引起了国内外古环境、考古、人类史学界的广泛关注,并予以很高评价。众多评论文章中,《河北师范大学学报(哲学与社会科学版)》上有一篇题为《西藏邱桑温泉手脚印遗迹及相关问题》的文章,对手脚印研究中的“年代”和“岩面艺术如何界定”这两个方面提出了质疑。因此特撰写此文,对这两个方面的质疑做出回应。本文将系统梳理Zhang et al.(2021)所发表的手脚印“岩面艺术”中有关“年代学”和“艺术界定”这两方面的内容,从U-Th测年在碳酸盐沉积中的应用和史前艺术的特征等方面来解答部分学者对此研究存在的疑虑和误导,并提出本文的看法:U-Th法是目前对邱桑温泉方解石泉华进行年龄测定的最合适方法,所测的年代是可靠的,并且“岩面艺术”一词是这些手脚印组合最适合的名称。展开更多
在第二次青藏科考过程中,作者在西藏自治区拉萨市邱桑村的古泉华沉积上新发现了由5个手印和5个脚印组成“岩面艺术”(parietal art)。对这一“岩面艺术”进行解剖学测量、3D模型模拟、铀系测年和手脚印形态分析后,得到以下认识:①“岩...在第二次青藏科考过程中,作者在西藏自治区拉萨市邱桑村的古泉华沉积上新发现了由5个手印和5个脚印组成“岩面艺术”(parietal art)。对这一“岩面艺术”进行解剖学测量、3D模型模拟、铀系测年和手脚印形态分析后,得到以下认识:①“岩面艺术”是在泉华没有成岩之前由古人类有意压上去的;②“岩面艺术”所在岩层的U/Th年代为226~169 ka B.P.,这其中包含一个手指印岩层的表面直接年龄(207~188 ka B.P.);③这一发现是迄今为止发表的古人类在青藏高原上活动的最早记录之一,也为古人类适应高寒、低氧环境提供了新的证据;④此岩面艺术是目前世界上已知的最古老的艺术,上面的手印也是古人类留下的最早的手印;⑤这一原始的岩面艺术表明,创作它的古老人种可能具有一定的认知和空间感知能力,此岩面艺术的发现也将有可能改写人类艺术史,并且加深我们对已消失的古人类认知水平的认识。展开更多
Although climate change has convincingly been linked to the evolution of human civilization on different temporal scales,its role in influencing the spatial patterns of ancient civilizations has rarely been investigat...Although climate change has convincingly been linked to the evolution of human civilization on different temporal scales,its role in influencing the spatial patterns of ancient civilizations has rarely been investigated,The northward shift of the ancient Silk Road(SR)route from the Tarim Basin(TB)to the Junggar Basin during~420-850 CE provides the opportunity to investigate the relationship between climate change and the spatial evolution of human societies.Here,we use a new high-resolution chironomidbased temperature reconstruction from arid China,combined with hydroclimatic and historical datasets,to assess the possible effects of climate fluctuations on the shift of the ancient SR route,We found that a cooling/drying climate in the TB triggered the SR route shift during~420-600 CE,However,a warming/wetting climate during~600-850 CE did not inhibit this shift,but instead promoted it,because of the favorable climate-induced geopolitical conflicts between the Tubo Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty in the TB.Our findings reveal two distinct ways in which climate change drove the spatial evolution of human civilization,and they demonstrate the flexibility of societal responses to climate change.展开更多
At Quesang on the Tibetan Plateau we report a series of hand and foot impressions that appear to have been intentionally placed on the surface of a unit of soft travertine.The travertine was deposited by water from a ...At Quesang on the Tibetan Plateau we report a series of hand and foot impressions that appear to have been intentionally placed on the surface of a unit of soft travertine.The travertine was deposited by water from a hot spring which is now inactive and as the travertine lithified it preserved the traces.On the basis of the sizes of the hand and foot traces,we suggest that two track-makers were involved and were likely children.We interpret this event as a deliberate artistic act that created a work of parietal art.The travertine unit on which the traces were imprinted dates to between~169 and 226 ka BP.This would make the site the earliest currently known example of parietal art in the world and would also provide the earliest evidence discovered to date for hominins on the High Tibetan Plateau(above 4000 m a.s.l.).This remarkable discovery adds to the body of research that identifies children as some of the earliest artists within the genus Homo.展开更多
The western Qinling (秦岭) orogenic belt is one of the outermost ranges in the northeas- tern Tibetan Plateau. Its tectonic uplift history is therefore essential to insight on the evolution history of the plateau. H...The western Qinling (秦岭) orogenic belt is one of the outermost ranges in the northeas- tern Tibetan Plateau. Its tectonic uplift history is therefore essential to insight on the evolution history of the plateau. However, the timing of deformation and uplift history is still poorly known. Fortunately, its Cenozoic orogenic history is recorded in an excellent synorogenic sedimentary sequence exposed in the Tianshui (天水)Ba- sin, the northeastern foot of western Qinling. Ac- cording to sedimentary-tectonic analysis of the Yaodian (尧店) and Lamashan (喇嘛山) sections based on the previous magnetostratigraphy stu- dies, we speculated that two stages (occurred at 9.2-7.4 and -3.6 Ma) of variation in depositional facies were attributed to the uplift and deforma- tion of the western Qinling, and the modern structure geomorphic frame of the northeastern Tibet formed after 2.6 Ma. Furthermore, four stages of active processes along the western Qinling occurred at 49--41, 34-27, 25-19 and -13 Ma, are deciphered from an integrated detrital apatite fission-track data of the Ganquan (甘泉), Yaodian main sections and seven small ones. The former two are represents the exhumation episodes triggered by tectonism and the others attributed to the volcanic signals.展开更多
文摘青藏高原中部海拔超过4000 m的中更世古人类手脚印的发现引起了国内外古环境、考古、人类史学界的广泛关注,并予以很高评价。众多评论文章中,《河北师范大学学报(哲学与社会科学版)》上有一篇题为《西藏邱桑温泉手脚印遗迹及相关问题》的文章,对手脚印研究中的“年代”和“岩面艺术如何界定”这两个方面提出了质疑。因此特撰写此文,对这两个方面的质疑做出回应。本文将系统梳理Zhang et al.(2021)所发表的手脚印“岩面艺术”中有关“年代学”和“艺术界定”这两方面的内容,从U-Th测年在碳酸盐沉积中的应用和史前艺术的特征等方面来解答部分学者对此研究存在的疑虑和误导,并提出本文的看法:U-Th法是目前对邱桑温泉方解石泉华进行年龄测定的最合适方法,所测的年代是可靠的,并且“岩面艺术”一词是这些手脚印组合最适合的名称。
文摘在第二次青藏科考过程中,作者在西藏自治区拉萨市邱桑村的古泉华沉积上新发现了由5个手印和5个脚印组成“岩面艺术”(parietal art)。对这一“岩面艺术”进行解剖学测量、3D模型模拟、铀系测年和手脚印形态分析后,得到以下认识:①“岩面艺术”是在泉华没有成岩之前由古人类有意压上去的;②“岩面艺术”所在岩层的U/Th年代为226~169 ka B.P.,这其中包含一个手指印岩层的表面直接年龄(207~188 ka B.P.);③这一发现是迄今为止发表的古人类在青藏高原上活动的最早记录之一,也为古人类适应高寒、低氧环境提供了新的证据;④此岩面艺术是目前世界上已知的最古老的艺术,上面的手印也是古人类留下的最早的手印;⑤这一原始的岩面艺术表明,创作它的古老人种可能具有一定的认知和空间感知能力,此岩面艺术的发现也将有可能改写人类艺术史,并且加深我们对已消失的古人类认知水平的认识。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0606404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371172,41822102)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(SKLCS-ZZ-2023)the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of NIEER,CAS(FEYS2019009).
文摘Although climate change has convincingly been linked to the evolution of human civilization on different temporal scales,its role in influencing the spatial patterns of ancient civilizations has rarely been investigated,The northward shift of the ancient Silk Road(SR)route from the Tarim Basin(TB)to the Junggar Basin during~420-850 CE provides the opportunity to investigate the relationship between climate change and the spatial evolution of human societies.Here,we use a new high-resolution chironomidbased temperature reconstruction from arid China,combined with hydroclimatic and historical datasets,to assess the possible effects of climate fluctuations on the shift of the ancient SR route,We found that a cooling/drying climate in the TB triggered the SR route shift during~420-600 CE,However,a warming/wetting climate during~600-850 CE did not inhibit this shift,but instead promoted it,because of the favorable climate-induced geopolitical conflicts between the Tubo Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty in the TB.Our findings reveal two distinct ways in which climate change drove the spatial evolution of human civilization,and they demonstrate the flexibility of societal responses to climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971110 and 41888101)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0601)the Early Career Scheme of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(28300717)。
文摘At Quesang on the Tibetan Plateau we report a series of hand and foot impressions that appear to have been intentionally placed on the surface of a unit of soft travertine.The travertine was deposited by water from a hot spring which is now inactive and as the travertine lithified it preserved the traces.On the basis of the sizes of the hand and foot traces,we suggest that two track-makers were involved and were likely children.We interpret this event as a deliberate artistic act that created a work of parietal art.The travertine unit on which the traces were imprinted dates to between~169 and 226 ka BP.This would make the site the earliest currently known example of parietal art in the world and would also provide the earliest evidence discovered to date for hominins on the High Tibetan Plateau(above 4000 m a.s.l.).This remarkable discovery adds to the body of research that identifies children as some of the earliest artists within the genus Homo.
基金supported by the "Strategic Priority ResearchProgram" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB03020402)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2013CB956403)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41201005, 41272128)the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.lzujbky-2013-122)the NSFC National Innovative ResearchTeam Project (No. 41021091)
文摘The western Qinling (秦岭) orogenic belt is one of the outermost ranges in the northeas- tern Tibetan Plateau. Its tectonic uplift history is therefore essential to insight on the evolution history of the plateau. However, the timing of deformation and uplift history is still poorly known. Fortunately, its Cenozoic orogenic history is recorded in an excellent synorogenic sedimentary sequence exposed in the Tianshui (天水)Ba- sin, the northeastern foot of western Qinling. Ac- cording to sedimentary-tectonic analysis of the Yaodian (尧店) and Lamashan (喇嘛山) sections based on the previous magnetostratigraphy stu- dies, we speculated that two stages (occurred at 9.2-7.4 and -3.6 Ma) of variation in depositional facies were attributed to the uplift and deforma- tion of the western Qinling, and the modern structure geomorphic frame of the northeastern Tibet formed after 2.6 Ma. Furthermore, four stages of active processes along the western Qinling occurred at 49--41, 34-27, 25-19 and -13 Ma, are deciphered from an integrated detrital apatite fission-track data of the Ganquan (甘泉), Yaodian main sections and seven small ones. The former two are represents the exhumation episodes triggered by tectonism and the others attributed to the volcanic signals.