Cation effects in electrocatalytic reduction reactions:Recent advances

Electrocatalytic reduction reactions,powered by clean energy sources such as solar energy and wind,offer a sustainable method for converting inexpensive feedstocks(e.g.,CO_(2),N_(2)/NO_(x),organics,and O_(2))into high-value-added chemicals or fuels.The design and modification of electrocatalysts have been widely implemented to improve their performance in these reactions.However,bottle-necks are encountered,making it challenging to further improve performance through catalyst development alone.Recently,cations in the electrolyte have emerged as critical factors for tuning both the activity and product selectivity of reduction reactions.This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of cation effects in electrocatalytic reduction reactions.First,we introduce the mechanisms underlying cation effects.We then provide a comprehensive overview of their application in electroreduction reactions.Characterization techniques and theoretical calcula-tion methods for studying cation effects are also discussed.Finally,we address remaining challeng-es and future perspectives in this field.We hope that this review offers fundamental insights and design guidance for utilizing cation effects,thereby advancing their development.

插层结构过渡金属氢氧化物的制备及其能源应用研究进展

当今社会能源紧张和环境问题突出,开发能够代替化石燃料的可再生能源已引起研究者的广泛关注。层状材料在电化学储能和转换应用中具有巨大潜力,其中层状金属氢氧化物具有层板中的过渡金属呈单原子交替分散,种类、比例可调,层间阴离子种类可调等诸多特点,使其能够作为高性能二维纳米能源材料,在储能和电催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文总结了过渡金属氢氧化物材料插层客体的不同类型和制备方法,深入讨论了过渡金属氢氧化物插层化合物在能源相关领域的应用,包括电催化、能源储存(电池、超级电容器)、光催化、传感器等。最后,对插层结构过渡金属氢氧化物相关的潜在挑战和前景进行了展望。