本文综合分析了现有教学体系的不足,并提出了一系列创新改革措施,旨在提升学生的实践能力、科学探究精神和创新思维。改革的核心内容包括课程体系的模块化、教学方法的多样化以及评价机制的全面化。通过四年的实践,这些措施显著提高了...本文综合分析了现有教学体系的不足,并提出了一系列创新改革措施,旨在提升学生的实践能力、科学探究精神和创新思维。改革的核心内容包括课程体系的模块化、教学方法的多样化以及评价机制的全面化。通过四年的实践,这些措施显著提高了学生的及格率和学习动机,增强了学生的实验技能和创新能力。教师的专业发展和教学方法也得到了同步提升。强调了持续更新课程内容、加强师资培训、深化评价体系改革的重要性,以确保教学改革能够持续适应新时代教育的需求,并为培养符合未来工程需求的高素质人才提供坚实的基础。This study comprehensively analyzes the shortcomings of the existing teaching system and proposes a series of innovative reform measures aimed at enhancing students’ practical abilities, scientific inquiry spirit, and innovative thinking. The core content of the reform includes the modularization of the curriculum system, diversification of teaching methods, and comprehensiveness of the evaluation mechanism. Through four years of practice, these measures have significantly improved students’ pass rates and motivation to learn and have strengthened students’ experimental skills and innovative capabilities. The professional development of teachers and teaching methods has also been improved synchronously. This study emphasizes the importance of continuously updating the curriculum content, strengthening teacher training, and deepening the reform of the evaluation system to ensure that the teaching reform can continue to adapt to the needs of new-era education and provide a solid foundation for cultivating high-quality talents that meet the future engineering needs.展开更多
目的嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎(eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis,EGPA)中以血管炎为主要特征和以嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主要特征的两种亚型分类标准尚未明确,本研究探讨EGPA两种亚型的准确、简明分类方式。方法回顾性收集2000...目的嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎(eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis,EGPA)中以血管炎为主要特征和以嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主要特征的两种亚型分类标准尚未明确,本研究探讨EGPA两种亚型的准确、简明分类方式。方法回顾性收集2000年1月—2023年11月北京协和医院呼吸内科、全科医学科、风湿免疫科等多科确诊的EGPA患者临床资料,将患者根据单纯抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies,ANCA)、ANCA与组织病理活检结果相结合以及MIRRA标准三种分类方法分为不同的阳性组和阴性组,分析患者的临床特征。结果共纳入245例患者。根据ANCA结果分类时,阳性组51例,阴性组194例,相较于阴性组,阳性组患者的年龄(60.9比55.4)、NEUT%(59.12比51.87)、PLT(312.94比264.64)、ESR(55.40比27.62)、CRP(46.51比23.57)均较高,上述指标均达显著统计学意义;阳性组肾脏系统(47.1%比25.8%)和神经系统(72.5%比58.2%)的受累比例也显著高于阴性组。根据ANCA结果和组织病理活检结果分类时,阳性组88例,阴性组157例,两组间的分析结果与第一种分类方法一致。根据MIRRA标准分类时,MIRRA标准组患者161例,MIRRA非标准组患者84例,MIRRA标准组的NEUT%(55.39比49.58)显著高于MIRRA非标准组,而LY%(18.57比21.30)和HGB(128.80比136.36)显著低于MIRRA非标准组。结论根据ANCA结果可将EGPA患者分为血管炎亚型和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润亚型;尽管ANCA联合组织病理活检结果也可明确区分血管炎亚型与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润亚型,但由于病理活检存在风险,需根据患者的具体情况进行个体化评估;而MIRRA标准不能准确区分两类亚型。展开更多
目的:探讨补血生髓方对肿瘤相关性贫血(cancer related anemia, CRA)小鼠的改善作用及可能的作用机制。方法:C57BL/6雌性小鼠腹腔注射苯肼(50mg/kg),并且皮下接种肺癌LLC细胞建立CRA模型,随机分成模型组、EPO组(1365IU/kg)、补血生髓方...目的:探讨补血生髓方对肿瘤相关性贫血(cancer related anemia, CRA)小鼠的改善作用及可能的作用机制。方法:C57BL/6雌性小鼠腹腔注射苯肼(50mg/kg),并且皮下接种肺癌LLC细胞建立CRA模型,随机分成模型组、EPO组(1365IU/kg)、补血生髓方组(60.67g/kg),每组10只,另取10只正常小鼠作为空白组,给药2周。ELISA检测促红细胞生成素、血清干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平,流式细胞术检测外周血Tregs细胞比例,Real time-PCR及免疫荧光检测缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)、程序性死亡-配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组相比,补血生髓方组小鼠的肿瘤体积、肿瘤质量均显著降低(P<0.01)。与空白组相比,模型组血红蛋白、促红细胞生成素、IFN-γ水平显著下调(P<0.01),外周血Tregs细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,补血生髓方组血红蛋白、促红细胞生成素、IFN-γ水平显著上调(P<0.01),外周血Tregs细胞比例显著下降(P<0.01),HIF-1α、PD-L1mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:补血生髓方能够改善CRA小鼠的贫血状态,通过下调HIF-1α/PD-L1通路调节CRA小鼠的免疫功能,从而抑制肿瘤的生长。展开更多
文摘本文综合分析了现有教学体系的不足,并提出了一系列创新改革措施,旨在提升学生的实践能力、科学探究精神和创新思维。改革的核心内容包括课程体系的模块化、教学方法的多样化以及评价机制的全面化。通过四年的实践,这些措施显著提高了学生的及格率和学习动机,增强了学生的实验技能和创新能力。教师的专业发展和教学方法也得到了同步提升。强调了持续更新课程内容、加强师资培训、深化评价体系改革的重要性,以确保教学改革能够持续适应新时代教育的需求,并为培养符合未来工程需求的高素质人才提供坚实的基础。This study comprehensively analyzes the shortcomings of the existing teaching system and proposes a series of innovative reform measures aimed at enhancing students’ practical abilities, scientific inquiry spirit, and innovative thinking. The core content of the reform includes the modularization of the curriculum system, diversification of teaching methods, and comprehensiveness of the evaluation mechanism. Through four years of practice, these measures have significantly improved students’ pass rates and motivation to learn and have strengthened students’ experimental skills and innovative capabilities. The professional development of teachers and teaching methods has also been improved synchronously. This study emphasizes the importance of continuously updating the curriculum content, strengthening teacher training, and deepening the reform of the evaluation system to ensure that the teaching reform can continue to adapt to the needs of new-era education and provide a solid foundation for cultivating high-quality talents that meet the future engineering needs.
