基金关于作者（Contributors） ： DJL conceived the study, acquired the data, did the statistical analysis, and is guarantor. All authors participated in the management, analysis, interpretation of data, and drafting of the manuscript. All have critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and seen and approved the final version. 资助（Funding） ： The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is funded by the US National Institute on Aging and a consortium of UK government departments. KML was supported by grants from the US National Institute on Aging （K08 AGO19180 and R01 AGO27010） and a Paul Beeson Physician Faculty Scholars in Aging Research award. IAL is an academic specialty registrar in public health supported by the National Health Service South-West Region Public Health Training scheme. FN is supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK [ grant No C1345/ A5809 ] . FEM is funded by the Medical Research Council [ U. 1052. 00. 013 ]. The sponsors played no part in the study design the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data +1 种基金 the writing of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication.利益竞争（Competing interests） ： None declared. 伦理批准 （Ethical approval）： This study was approved by the Multicentre Research and Ethics Committee （MREC/01/2/91）.
