利用Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)中尺度数值模式,结合常规观测资料、地面加密自动气象站资料、云迹风等资料较好地模拟了2006年6月10日严重影响浙江的一次强飑线演变过程,得到了与实况比较接近的飑线中尺度特征,结果表明:强...利用Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)中尺度数值模式,结合常规观测资料、地面加密自动气象站资料、云迹风等资料较好地模拟了2006年6月10日严重影响浙江的一次强飑线演变过程,得到了与实况比较接近的飑线中尺度特征,结果表明:强对流活动与边界层内的中尺度辐合有密切联系,除了雷暴出流在其前沿形成的阵风锋外,还模拟得到了宁波东部地区的中尺度气流辐合线(简称宁东辐合线);宁东辐合线呈现出明显的西干东湿、东侧上湿下干和弱的稳定层结特征,其存在阻挡了边界层顶强不稳定的东传;在宁东辐合线东侧的山谷地带,近地面形成一个尺度仅为10～20km的中尺度垂直闭合环流,该环流导致地面弱的东风气流又反过来加强了宁东辐合线。当之前已存在的雷暴出流形成的阵风锋辐合线与宁东局地辐合线相遇时,形成一条新的阵风锋,边界层之上的湿度显著增强,强不稳定得到逐步释放,加剧了对流的爆发,天气现象进一步加重。展开更多
边界层参数化方案中湍流混合对数值模拟起着重要的作用,湍流混合作用的恰当描述对于温度、湿度、风场以及降水的准确模拟至关重要。我国长江中下游流域人口密集,暴雨灾害频发,很有必要寻找一种适合该地区降水模拟的边界层参数化方案。...边界层参数化方案中湍流混合对数值模拟起着重要的作用,湍流混合作用的恰当描述对于温度、湿度、风场以及降水的准确模拟至关重要。我国长江中下游流域人口密集,暴雨灾害频发,很有必要寻找一种适合该地区降水模拟的边界层参数化方案。本文运用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)中尺度数值模式,以QNSE(Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination)边界层参数化方案为基础,将其中湍流混合长度尺度系数调整为可变参数。本文将Noh et al.(2003)提出的Prandtl公式与Janji?提出的修正湍流长度尺度系数的方法相结合,通过考虑非局地项的强迫、地表稳定度与边界层高度对湍流长度尺度系数的影响,强调大气的动力结构特征与热力结构特征对湍流混合的共同影响,从而提高QNSE边界层参数化方案在不同地理环境下的模拟能力。文章通过进行长江中下游地区的典型暴雨试验,将调整参数后的QNSE方案与原方案进行比较,重点分析调整参数后的方案与原方案对关键基本气象要素场、边界层结构特征以及降水的模拟能力,并将模拟结果与观测结果进行对比,结果表明:调整参数后的方案一定程度上改进了地表温度、边界层结构以及降水的模拟效果。进一步研究表明,调整参数后的方案主要通过改变边界层混合缓解水汽混合比、位温模拟方面的误差。展开更多
It was found that the heavy rainfall event along the Meiyu front in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River on 23 June 2009 was connected with a mesoscale disturbance vortex, which originated from the planetary boundar...It was found that the heavy rainfall event along the Meiyu front in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River on 23 June 2009 was connected with a mesoscale disturbance vortex, which originated from the planetary boundary layer （PBL） and developed upward later and was discovered by using the Shuman-Shapiro filtering method. The mesoscale disturbance vortex in the PBL （PMDV） in this process corresponded well to the short-time rainstorm in the Doppler radar echo. Analysis of the high-resolution simulation results from the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting Model （ARW） showed that there were several surface disturbances along the southern warm section of the Meiyu front prior to the generation of the PMDV. The PMDV interacted with the mesoscale convective system （MCS） and intensified the local convective precipitation. The north and southwest flows in the PBL converged at the time of the PMDV formation. Meanwhile, a southwesterly jet on the top of the PBL to the south side of the vortex reinforced the ascending motion and convergence. Hence, it is concluded that the PMDV was generated when the strong cold air flows north of the shear line encountered the southwest flow south of the shear line. The convergence line in the PBL, the intensification of the southwest wind, and the southward aggression of the north wind were critical for the development of the PMDV. The release of latent heat was found crucial for the formation of the PMDV as it facilitated the convergence at low levels.展开更多
文摘利用Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)中尺度数值模式,结合常规观测资料、地面加密自动气象站资料、云迹风等资料较好地模拟了2006年6月10日严重影响浙江的一次强飑线演变过程,得到了与实况比较接近的飑线中尺度特征,结果表明:强对流活动与边界层内的中尺度辐合有密切联系,除了雷暴出流在其前沿形成的阵风锋外,还模拟得到了宁波东部地区的中尺度气流辐合线(简称宁东辐合线);宁东辐合线呈现出明显的西干东湿、东侧上湿下干和弱的稳定层结特征,其存在阻挡了边界层顶强不稳定的东传;在宁东辐合线东侧的山谷地带,近地面形成一个尺度仅为10～20km的中尺度垂直闭合环流,该环流导致地面弱的东风气流又反过来加强了宁东辐合线。当之前已存在的雷暴出流形成的阵风锋辐合线与宁东局地辐合线相遇时,形成一条新的阵风锋,边界层之上的湿度显著增强,强不稳定得到逐步释放,加剧了对流的爆发,天气现象进一步加重。
文摘边界层参数化方案中湍流混合对数值模拟起着重要的作用,湍流混合作用的恰当描述对于温度、湿度、风场以及降水的准确模拟至关重要。我国长江中下游流域人口密集,暴雨灾害频发,很有必要寻找一种适合该地区降水模拟的边界层参数化方案。本文运用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)中尺度数值模式,以QNSE(Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination)边界层参数化方案为基础,将其中湍流混合长度尺度系数调整为可变参数。本文将Noh et al.(2003)提出的Prandtl公式与Janji?提出的修正湍流长度尺度系数的方法相结合,通过考虑非局地项的强迫、地表稳定度与边界层高度对湍流长度尺度系数的影响,强调大气的动力结构特征与热力结构特征对湍流混合的共同影响,从而提高QNSE边界层参数化方案在不同地理环境下的模拟能力。文章通过进行长江中下游地区的典型暴雨试验,将调整参数后的QNSE方案与原方案进行比较,重点分析调整参数后的方案与原方案对关键基本气象要素场、边界层结构特征以及降水的模拟能力,并将模拟结果与观测结果进行对比,结果表明:调整参数后的方案一定程度上改进了地表温度、边界层结构以及降水的模拟效果。进一步研究表明,调整参数后的方案主要通过改变边界层混合缓解水汽混合比、位温模拟方面的误差。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175047)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201006014 and GYHY201006007)
文摘It was found that the heavy rainfall event along the Meiyu front in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River on 23 June 2009 was connected with a mesoscale disturbance vortex, which originated from the planetary boundary layer （PBL） and developed upward later and was discovered by using the Shuman-Shapiro filtering method. The mesoscale disturbance vortex in the PBL （PMDV） in this process corresponded well to the short-time rainstorm in the Doppler radar echo. Analysis of the high-resolution simulation results from the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting Model （ARW） showed that there were several surface disturbances along the southern warm section of the Meiyu front prior to the generation of the PMDV. The PMDV interacted with the mesoscale convective system （MCS） and intensified the local convective precipitation. The north and southwest flows in the PBL converged at the time of the PMDV formation. Meanwhile, a southwesterly jet on the top of the PBL to the south side of the vortex reinforced the ascending motion and convergence. Hence, it is concluded that the PMDV was generated when the strong cold air flows north of the shear line encountered the southwest flow south of the shear line. The convergence line in the PBL, the intensification of the southwest wind, and the southward aggression of the north wind were critical for the development of the PMDV. The release of latent heat was found crucial for the formation of the PMDV as it facilitated the convergence at low levels.
