Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid...Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.展开更多
An artifi cial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic bio...An artifi cial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a(Chl a), total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC), and total nitrogen(TN) content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed signifi cantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not signifi cantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was signifi cantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass of polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ signifi cantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses(ANOSIM) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artifi cial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artifi cial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.展开更多
The assessment of population structure and abundance of fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs(ARs) is an important aspect of AR management.In the present study,we used a DiveOperated Stereo Video(stereo-DO...The assessment of population structure and abundance of fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs(ARs) is an important aspect of AR management.In the present study,we used a DiveOperated Stereo Video(stereo-DOV) technique to assess the population structure and abundance of Sebastes schlegeli associated with two metallic,and three wooden,vessel reefs in Haizhou Bay during 2012 and2013.The study used video systems to obtain length measurements and estimates of abundance.The size composition of S.schlegeli differed among reefs and individuals around vessel reefs were all adults,with total lengths(TL) of >20 cm.Juvenile fish were encountered by divers in a rocky area near the island away from the vessel reefs.The largest individual S.schlegeli(with the highest TL) among five reefs were found around a metallic vessel reef in both 2012 and 2013.TL of S.schlegeli from all reefs increased by an average of 3.2 cm(P<0.05) from 2012 to 2013,with an estimated mean weight increase of 250.4 g(P<0.05).The video survey also indicated a decrease in the biomass of schools near two metallic vessels between the years.Stereo-video technology was found to be suitable for rockfish surveys around the reefs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(No.201305043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106134)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2011BAD13B02,2010BAC68B01)
文摘Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.
基金Supported by the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(Nos.200805069,201305043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106134)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(Nos.2011BAD13B02,2010BAC68B01)
文摘An artifi cial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a(Chl a), total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC), and total nitrogen(TN) content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed signifi cantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not signifi cantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was signifi cantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass of polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ signifi cantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses(ANOSIM) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artifi cial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artifi cial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406403)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011BAD13B02)+1 种基金the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(No.201205023)the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science and Engineering,State Oceanic Administration(No.MESE-2013-05)
文摘The assessment of population structure and abundance of fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs(ARs) is an important aspect of AR management.In the present study,we used a DiveOperated Stereo Video(stereo-DOV) technique to assess the population structure and abundance of Sebastes schlegeli associated with two metallic,and three wooden,vessel reefs in Haizhou Bay during 2012 and2013.The study used video systems to obtain length measurements and estimates of abundance.The size composition of S.schlegeli differed among reefs and individuals around vessel reefs were all adults,with total lengths(TL) of >20 cm.Juvenile fish were encountered by divers in a rocky area near the island away from the vessel reefs.The largest individual S.schlegeli(with the highest TL) among five reefs were found around a metallic vessel reef in both 2012 and 2013.TL of S.schlegeli from all reefs increased by an average of 3.2 cm(P<0.05) from 2012 to 2013,with an estimated mean weight increase of 250.4 g(P<0.05).The video survey also indicated a decrease in the biomass of schools near two metallic vessels between the years.Stereo-video technology was found to be suitable for rockfish surveys around the reefs.
