基于碳化硼慢化体和涂硼微结构中子探测器的通用中子能谱仪设计和解谱方法研究

本文提出了一种基于碳化硼慢化体和涂硼微结构中子探测器的通用中子能谱仪设计方法,获得了计算最优慢化体厚度和探测器响应函数的通用公式,并用蒙特卡罗方法进行了验证和修正,可实现对中子能谱仪的快速设计.该类能谱仪可实现各中子响应函数之间的解耦,使每个探测器对各个分立能量区间的中子最为敏感,具有较强适用性和灵活性.基于该方法,我们设计了一个用于硼中子俘获治疗(BNCT)超热中子能谱测量的能谱仪,通过Gravel算法实现了中子能谱解析,并提出了一种具有良好普适性的基于响应函数的预置谱设置方法.结果表明,该能谱仪对单能中子的峰位解析精度约为1%,对BNCT连续谱的解析均方差约为0.76%,具有较大技术优势和可行性.

加速器中子源大厅内散射中子分布的模拟

本文针对加速器中子源可在较宽能量区间产生单能中子的特点,采用MCNP5对0.2~20 MeV的源中子在加速器中子源大厅内的散射情况进行模拟计算和分析。结果表明,直射中子通量随离源距离的增大呈平方反比衰减,散射中子通量则随离源距离的增大而几乎保持不变;大厅内的散射中子主要来自墙壁的贡献,离墙壁越近散射率越高。能量为0.4 MeV和1 MeV的源中子散射率最高,10 MeV和15 MeV的源中子散射率最低。用中子的宏观散射截面可较好解释散射率模拟结果,中子的弹性散射截面远大于非弹性散射截面,因此弹性散射起主导作用。中子能量大于1 MeV后,散射截面随中子能量增加而减小直至进入一段坪区,散射率也随之降低并进入坪区。结合待测位置处直射、散射中子通量和不同能量的散射中子份额的计算,能解释能量较高的源中子散射率较低的现象。通过在墙壁表面附上一层中子慢化吸收材料的方法可有效减弱中子散射,如5 cm的含硼聚乙烯(10%B4C)可降低散射率约40%。

基于麦克风的气体超声分子束飞行速度的实验研究

超声分子束的膨胀和输运过程是一个较为复杂的分子动力学问题,相关的参数较难准确计算.本文基于麦克风测量方法研究了多种气体(H2, D2, N2, Ar, He, CH4)超声分子束在自由膨胀过程中的平均速度及其沿出射方向在远域空间(喷射距离/喷嘴直径>310)的演变情况,获得了较大范围内分子束平均速度分布随气体种类、温度、气压和膨胀距离的变化规律.结果表明, H2, D2, He分子束的速度分别只占各自理论极限速度的54%, 60%和68%,且在远域空间速度下降较快.而CH4, N2和Ar分子束的速度与其各自的极限速度十分接近,占比分别为85%, 92%和99%,且在远域空间速度下降较缓.

SEM-EDS法检测土壤微粒元素含量

粒径在微米量级的粉尘微粒由于极易通过呼吸、食入或皮肤接触等途径进入人体而危害人类健康,已逐渐成为环境安全领域的一个重要问题,而不同粒径微粒中有害元素含量是衡量其对人体危害的重要依据。采用SEM-EDS法对国家标准土壤样品进行研究,获得了5~50μm的粒径范围内标准土壤样品中Si、Al、Fe和Cu元素含量的粒径分布规律。通过使用含Si微米颗粒进行定标,发现在该粒径范围内土壤微粒中的Si元素含量同标准物质认定证书中给出的含量基本相同。实验结果表明:SEM-EDS法可对粒径在μm量级的颗粒物质进行精确的元素含量分析。

Interaction of H2+ molecular beam with thin layer graphene foils

The interaction of MeV H2^+ molecular ions with thin layer graphene and graphite foils was studied by using a highresolution electrostatic analyzer.A large number of fragment protons were observed at zero degree(along the beam direction) when the H2^+ beam was passing through the monolayer graphene foil, which indicates that the electron of the H2^+ molecular ions can be stripped easily even by the monolayer graphene foil.More trailing than leading protons were found in the energy spectrum, which means significant wake effect was observed in the monolayer graphene foil.The ratio of the numbers of trailing protons over leading protons first increased with the thickness for the much thinner graphene foils, and then decreased with the thickness for the much thicker graphite foils, which indicates that the bending effect of the wake field on the trailing proton varied with the foil thickness.

Interaction of supersonic molecular beam with low-temperature plasma

The interaction between the supersonic molecular beam(SMB)and the low-temperature plasma is a critical issue for the diagnosis and fueling in the Tokamak device.In this work,the interaction process between the argon SMB and the argon plasma is studied by a high-speed camera based on the Linear Experimental Advanced Device(LEAD)in Southwestern Institute of Physics,China.It is found that the high-density SMB can extinct the plasma temporarily and change the distribution of the plasma density significantly,while the low-density SMB can hardly affect the distribution of plasma density.This can be used as an effective diagnostic technique to study the evolution of plasma density in the interaction between the SMB and plasma.Moreover,the related simulation based on this experiment is carried out to better understand the evolution of electron density and ion density in the interaction.The simulation results can be used to analyze and explain the experimental results well.

六种常见中药材钾、硫、铬、锰、钒、锆元素含量的研究

采用自主搭建的X射线荧光分析及商用的电感耦合等离子发射光谱方法,对几种常见的植物类(胎菊、北板蓝根)、动物类(蝉蜕、地龙)和中成药类(郁金银翘片、葶贝胶囊)药材样品中典型元素硫、钾、铬、锰、钒、锆的含量进行了分析研究,该套X射线荧光分析(X-ray Fluorescence,XRF)系统对于Cr、Mn元素的检出限较好。分析结果发现在多数药材样品中有较高含量的钾元素,而过量高钾的摄入会对人体心脏和肾脏造成负担,因此根据标准给出每日摄入量小于100mg·d^-1的参考值。同样在多数样品中检测到较高含量的硫元素,推测可能是制药工艺中的化学添加物富集所致,需引起关注并值得进一步研究。所有样品中均检测出较低含量的钒、锆元素,说明该中药材样品中不存在显著的钒、锆元素污染。在某些动物类和中成药类药材样品中,检测到超标存在的铬、锰元素,在非必要时需要减少用量。根据铬元素生素矿物质可耐受最高每日摄入量小于0.5mg·d^-1的标准,给出了这几种药材样品的建议每日最大摄入量:植物类样品小于2.841g·d^-1、动物类样品小于0.958mg·d^-1、中成药类样品小于0.935mg·d^-1。