From 1999. 1. 1 1999. 12. 31, the registration of dialysis and transplantation in whole country, except Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, and Taiwan province, was performed by Dialysis and Transplant...From 1999. 1. 1 1999. 12. 31, the registration of dialysis and transplantation in whole country, except Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, and Taiwan province, was performed by Dialysis and Transplantation Registration Group, Chinese Society of Nephrology, Chinese Medical Association using questionnaire. The response rates varied between different districts, which were highest in Shanghai and Beijing. 41 755 patients underwent maintenance dialysis and the point prevalence was 33. 16 per million population (pmp); among them, 89. 55% (29. 68 pmp) was hemodialysis and 10. 5% (3. 48 pmp) peritoneal dialysis. 19 268 cases ( HD 17 217, 89.4%, PD 2 051, 10. 6% ) began to dialysis within 1999 and the annual incidence rate was 15. 3 pmp ( HD 13. 7 pmp, PD 1. 6 pmp) . 2 529 cases were dead. Heart failure and cerebrovascular accident accounted for 32% and 19% respectively; besides, 16% patients died of dialysis interruption automatically, which might be related to the financial problem. Erythropoietin was administrated in 29. 6% HD patients and 28. 7% PD patients, but the levels of hematocrit in all the patients were obviously less than normal. Until 1999. 12. 31, there were total 4 976 hemodialysis machines. The first cause of chronic renal failure in HD patient was glomenslonephritis (50%), and then diabetic nephropathy (13. 5%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (8. 9%) . Inadequate hemodialysis was found in a certain part of cases. Patients with more than 5 years of HD duration accounted for less than 10%. Until 1999. 12. 31, the first cause of chronic renal failure in PD patients was glomerulonephritis as well (49.3%), and then hypertensive nephrosclerosis (14.8% ), diabetic nephropathy (12.0%) . CAPD was the major modality(86% ). Patients with more than 5 years of PD duration accounted for less than 5%.展开更多
ObjectiveTo examine the gene and protein expression of CD11b, L selectin and CD45, and the relationship between their expression and leukocytopenia during a hemodialysis session Methods Ten maintenance hemodialysis...ObjectiveTo examine the gene and protein expression of CD11b, L selectin and CD45, and the relationship between their expression and leukocytopenia during a hemodialysis session Methods Ten maintenance hemodialysis patients, 20 uremic non dialysis patients and 10 healthy volunteers were included in this study The mRNA expression of CD11b, L selectin and CD45 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by RT PCR, while cell surface expression of these molecules on monocytes was detected by flow cytometry and leukocyte number was counted manually Results After the start of dialysis, both mRNA expression and cell surface expression of CD11b increased rapidly, while those of L selectin and leukocyte number fell The mRNA expression of CD45 first decreased and the cell surface expression increased, followed by a return to pre dialysis levels, by the end of dialysis Conclusions Hemodialysis using a cuprophane membrane can induce rapid upregulation of CD11b and down regulation of L selectin, which might influence the normal adhesion and anti inflammatory response of leukocytes In this process CD45 may play a role in regulating and/or transducing activation signal展开更多
hospitals were registered in 1999. There were 629 hemodialysis (HD) machines in 59 hospitals providing HD therapy. 37 hospitals offered peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. 3 975 HD patients were registered in 1999 inc...hospitals were registered in 1999. There were 629 hemodialysis (HD) machines in 59 hospitals providing HD therapy. 37 hospitals offered peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. 3 975 HD patients were registered in 1999 including 1 769 new cases within 1999. The annual incidence rate was 135 pmp and point prevalence (1999. 12. 31) was 180 pmp. 670 PD patients were registered in 1999 including 268 new cases within 1999. The annual incidence rate was 20 pmp and point prevalence (1999. 12. 31) was 34 pmp. The first cause of chronic renal failure was glomerulonephritis (61. 0% in HD and 55. 5% in PD respectively), then diabetic nephropathy. Of HD, 369 patients (9. 3% ) were dead; 368 (9. 3% ) underwent renal transplantation and 772 (18. 2% ) left registered hospitals. Of PD, 108 patients (16. 1% ) were dead; 23 (3. 4%) underwent renal transplantation and 42 (6. 3%) left registered hospitals. The first cause of death was cerebrovascular accident in HD and PD. Until 1999. 12. 31, positive HBV markers were found in 14. 1% HD patients and 14. 4% PD patients; positive anti-HCV antibody in 28. 6% HD cases and 8. 0% PD cases. In HD patients, the mean URR value was 0.63 (1 285 cases)and the mean Kt/V was 1. 34 (1 227 cases) . In PD patients, the mean Kt/V value was 1. 7 (347 cases) and the mean weekly Ccr was 58. 2 L week’ (1. 73m2) 1(325 cases). The hematocrit level of all the patients was below normal. 97% patients underwent HD with autologous arteriovenous fistula. 82. 8% patients received CAPD and twin bag set accounted for 52. 8%. 83. 8% hospitals used Baxter peritoneal dialysate and 43. 2% hospitals used peritoneal dialysate produced in Shanghai. Incidence of peritonitis was one time per 41. 4 patient-month in cases with twin bag set. In 1999, there were 10 hospitals providing renal transplantation and 435 patients received transplantation(annual incidence rate 32 pmp) . Until 1999. 12. 31, 2 764 transplantation patients survived totally (point prevalence 210 pmp).展开更多
文摘From 1999. 1. 1 1999. 12. 31, the registration of dialysis and transplantation in whole country, except Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, and Taiwan province, was performed by Dialysis and Transplantation Registration Group, Chinese Society of Nephrology, Chinese Medical Association using questionnaire. The response rates varied between different districts, which were highest in Shanghai and Beijing. 41 755 patients underwent maintenance dialysis and the point prevalence was 33. 16 per million population (pmp); among them, 89. 55% (29. 68 pmp) was hemodialysis and 10. 5% (3. 48 pmp) peritoneal dialysis. 19 268 cases ( HD 17 217, 89.4%, PD 2 051, 10. 6% ) began to dialysis within 1999 and the annual incidence rate was 15. 3 pmp ( HD 13. 7 pmp, PD 1. 6 pmp) . 2 529 cases were dead. Heart failure and cerebrovascular accident accounted for 32% and 19% respectively; besides, 16% patients died of dialysis interruption automatically, which might be related to the financial problem. Erythropoietin was administrated in 29. 6% HD patients and 28. 7% PD patients, but the levels of hematocrit in all the patients were obviously less than normal. Until 1999. 12. 31, there were total 4 976 hemodialysis machines. The first cause of chronic renal failure in HD patient was glomenslonephritis (50%), and then diabetic nephropathy (13. 5%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (8. 9%) . Inadequate hemodialysis was found in a certain part of cases. Patients with more than 5 years of HD duration accounted for less than 10%. Until 1999. 12. 31, the first cause of chronic renal failure in PD patients was glomerulonephritis as well (49.3%), and then hypertensive nephrosclerosis (14.8% ), diabetic nephropathy (12.0%) . CAPD was the major modality(86% ). Patients with more than 5 years of PD duration accounted for less than 5%.
文摘ObjectiveTo examine the gene and protein expression of CD11b, L selectin and CD45, and the relationship between their expression and leukocytopenia during a hemodialysis session Methods Ten maintenance hemodialysis patients, 20 uremic non dialysis patients and 10 healthy volunteers were included in this study The mRNA expression of CD11b, L selectin and CD45 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by RT PCR, while cell surface expression of these molecules on monocytes was detected by flow cytometry and leukocyte number was counted manually Results After the start of dialysis, both mRNA expression and cell surface expression of CD11b increased rapidly, while those of L selectin and leukocyte number fell The mRNA expression of CD45 first decreased and the cell surface expression increased, followed by a return to pre dialysis levels, by the end of dialysis Conclusions Hemodialysis using a cuprophane membrane can induce rapid upregulation of CD11b and down regulation of L selectin, which might influence the normal adhesion and anti inflammatory response of leukocytes In this process CD45 may play a role in regulating and/or transducing activation signal
文摘hospitals were registered in 1999. There were 629 hemodialysis (HD) machines in 59 hospitals providing HD therapy. 37 hospitals offered peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. 3 975 HD patients were registered in 1999 including 1 769 new cases within 1999. The annual incidence rate was 135 pmp and point prevalence (1999. 12. 31) was 180 pmp. 670 PD patients were registered in 1999 including 268 new cases within 1999. The annual incidence rate was 20 pmp and point prevalence (1999. 12. 31) was 34 pmp. The first cause of chronic renal failure was glomerulonephritis (61. 0% in HD and 55. 5% in PD respectively), then diabetic nephropathy. Of HD, 369 patients (9. 3% ) were dead; 368 (9. 3% ) underwent renal transplantation and 772 (18. 2% ) left registered hospitals. Of PD, 108 patients (16. 1% ) were dead; 23 (3. 4%) underwent renal transplantation and 42 (6. 3%) left registered hospitals. The first cause of death was cerebrovascular accident in HD and PD. Until 1999. 12. 31, positive HBV markers were found in 14. 1% HD patients and 14. 4% PD patients; positive anti-HCV antibody in 28. 6% HD cases and 8. 0% PD cases. In HD patients, the mean URR value was 0.63 (1 285 cases)and the mean Kt/V was 1. 34 (1 227 cases) . In PD patients, the mean Kt/V value was 1. 7 (347 cases) and the mean weekly Ccr was 58. 2 L week’ (1. 73m2) 1(325 cases). The hematocrit level of all the patients was below normal. 97% patients underwent HD with autologous arteriovenous fistula. 82. 8% patients received CAPD and twin bag set accounted for 52. 8%. 83. 8% hospitals used Baxter peritoneal dialysate and 43. 2% hospitals used peritoneal dialysate produced in Shanghai. Incidence of peritonitis was one time per 41. 4 patient-month in cases with twin bag set. In 1999, there were 10 hospitals providing renal transplantation and 435 patients received transplantation(annual incidence rate 32 pmp) . Until 1999. 12. 31, 2 764 transplantation patients survived totally (point prevalence 210 pmp).
