Static and dynamic tensile failure characteristics of rock based on splitting test of circular ring

Static and dynamic splitting tests were conducted on ring marble specimens with different internal diameters to study the tensile strength and failure modes with the change of the ratio of internal radius to external radius （ρ） under different loading rates. The results show that the dynamic tensile strength of disc rock specimen is approximately five times its static tensile strength. The failure modes of ring specimens are related to the dimension of the internal hole and loading rate. Under static loading tests, when the ratio of internal radius to external radius of the rock ring is small enough （ρ〈0.3）, specimens mostly split along the diametral loading line. With the increase of the ratio, the secondary cracks are formed in the direction perpendicular to the loading line. Under dynamic loading tests, specimens usually break up into four pieces. When the ratio ρreaches 0.5, the secondary cracks are formed near the input bar. The tensile strength calculated by Hobbs’ formula is greater than the Brazilian splitting strength. The peak load and the radius ratio show a negative exponential relationship under static test. Using ring specimen to determine tensile strength of rock material is more like a test indicator rather than the material properties.

某万吨级铜矿扩建工程方案优选

针对某万吨级铜矿扩建工程,提出6种可行性方案进行初选,优选出3种方案进行详细的技术经济比较。根据方案比选的基本方法和资金的时间价值原理,在方案经营期相同的前提下,利用费用现值法(Present Value Cost)对3种优选方案进行投资经营费用比较,根据费用现值法的比选原则得出最佳开采方案。

预制缺陷对花岗岩层裂破坏的影响

利用50mm杆径的霍普金森压杆装置对完整和预制缺陷花岗岩试样进行层裂破坏实验,并采用高速摄像仪记录了试件层裂破坏的全过程。通过理论分析,计算了半正弦波加载情况下完整杆可能的初始层裂位置。高速摄影结果显示,预制缺陷对初始层裂位置具有一定影响,层裂一般发生在预制缺陷处。结合PFC2D(particle flow code in two dimensions)数值模拟进一步发现,初始层裂位置受到预制缺陷和反射拉伸波上升沿的影响,反射拉伸波上升沿越长,初始层裂越可能发生在预制缺陷处,反射拉伸波上升沿越短,初始层裂位置发生在预制缺陷处的可能性则相对越小。

冲击载荷作用下含孔洞大理岩动态力学破坏特性试验研究

利用一种大理岩试件加工制备含圆形和椭圆形孔洞的板状试样,试样尺寸为60 mm×60 mm×15 mm,使用75 mm杆径的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)进行冲击压缩试验,通过超动态应变仪监测入射杆和透射杆的应变信号,利用高速摄像仪记录试样完整的裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通直至试样破坏的全过程,分析冲击载荷作用下预制孔洞试样的动态抗压强度、破坏模式和裂纹扩展特性。研究发现,孔洞大小、形状和空间位置对岩石的动态抗压强度都有一定影响,孔洞的存在降低了大理岩试样的动态抗压强度。在冲击载荷作用下,预制中心孔洞的大理岩试样在孔洞周边产生平行于轴向加载方向的初始拉伸裂纹和类X型初始剪切裂纹,在试件破坏中起主导作用。圆形孔洞试样中,随着孔径增大,剪切裂纹扩展速度随之增大,而拉伸裂纹扩展速度则减小;椭圆形孔洞的长短轴比、长轴与加载方向的夹角均是影响裂纹扩展速度和动态抗压强度的因素。在30~45 s-1的加载应变率范围内,大理岩孔洞试样的平均裂纹扩展速度为100~450 m/s。