目的了解非吸烟妇女被动吸烟现况及探索控制妇女被动吸烟的措施。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，收集了北京、上海和成都3500名非吸烟妇女关于被动吸烟情况的资料，应用Epi Info 2002软件进行卡方检验、Fisher检验和方差分析等。结果被...目的了解非吸烟妇女被动吸烟现况及探索控制妇女被动吸烟的措施。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，收集了北京、上海和成都3500名非吸烟妇女关于被动吸烟情况的资料，应用Epi Info 2002软件进行卡方检验、Fisher检验和方差分析等。结果被动吸烟妇女中有92．7％的人在家中接触环境香烟烟雾（ETS），40．8％的在工作场所接触ETS，其中有38．9％的被动吸烟妇女从出生时即开始被动吸烟。42．3％的从18—30岁开始被动吸烟。被动吸烟妇女平均每天接触ETS（1．17±1．10）h，其中在家中每天被动吸烟超过2h的比例明显高于在工作场所的比例。被动吸烟组中30—50岁年龄组、中等文化程度或配偶中等文化程度、已婚、服务性，商业工作人员、单位负责人以及生产运输工人的构成比显著高于非被动吸烟组中的构成比（P〈0．05）。有97．5％的人认为被动吸烟可对自身健康产生危害，非被动吸烟组认为被动吸烟有严重危害的比例显著高于被动吸烟组。被动吸烟妇女中70．0％以上当有人在自己周围吸烟时会打开门窗等，而只有16．9％的人会主动要求别人不要在自己面前吸烟。假设有人在自己面前吸烟时，非被动吸烟组采取主动措施避免被动吸烟的意识显著强于被动吸烟组。被调查的妇女中有95．1％的人相信媒体关于吸烟对健康危害的宣传。结论控制被动吸烟的主要场所是家中和机关单位、商业、服务业以及生产运输的工作场所。尤其要加大对家庭中被动吸烟的控制。人们对被动吸烟危害程度的认识影响着人群被动吸烟率。利用电视和杂志等媒体进行被动吸烟对健康危害的宣传，加强人群主动避免被动吸烟的意识，是控制人群吸烟、降低人群被动吸烟率的可行性措施之一。展开更多
A kind of neat asphalt and three kinds of diatomite asphalt are tested using differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The anti-cracking mechanism of diatomite asphalt is analyzed by DSC and the thermal stress restrai...A kind of neat asphalt and three kinds of diatomite asphalt are tested using differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The anti-cracking mechanism of diatomite asphalt is analyzed by DSC and the thermal stress restrained specimen test（TSRST） of the asphalt mixtures. The results show that the low temperature performance of diatomite asphalt is better than that of neat asphalt. The glass transition temperature can reflect the low temperature performance of the diatomite asphalt better and has a good relationship with breaking temperatures. Besides, the TSRST, the bending test, the compressing test and the contraction coefficient test are used to study the low temperature performance of the diatomite asphalt mixture. The results prove that the low temperature performance of the diatomite asphalt mixture is better than that of the neat asphalt mixture. The critical bending strain energy density and the compressing strain energy density of the diatomite asphalt mixture are greater than those of the neat asphalt mixture. After adding diatomite to the asphalt mixture, the contraction coefficient is reduced. Based on the above results, the anti-cracking mechanism of the diatomite asphalt mixture is analyzed from the angle of contraction performance and breaking energy.展开更多
文摘目的了解非吸烟妇女被动吸烟现况及探索控制妇女被动吸烟的措施。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，收集了北京、上海和成都3500名非吸烟妇女关于被动吸烟情况的资料，应用Epi Info 2002软件进行卡方检验、Fisher检验和方差分析等。结果被动吸烟妇女中有92．7％的人在家中接触环境香烟烟雾（ETS），40．8％的在工作场所接触ETS，其中有38．9％的被动吸烟妇女从出生时即开始被动吸烟。42．3％的从18—30岁开始被动吸烟。被动吸烟妇女平均每天接触ETS（1．17±1．10）h，其中在家中每天被动吸烟超过2h的比例明显高于在工作场所的比例。被动吸烟组中30—50岁年龄组、中等文化程度或配偶中等文化程度、已婚、服务性，商业工作人员、单位负责人以及生产运输工人的构成比显著高于非被动吸烟组中的构成比（P〈0．05）。有97．5％的人认为被动吸烟可对自身健康产生危害，非被动吸烟组认为被动吸烟有严重危害的比例显著高于被动吸烟组。被动吸烟妇女中70．0％以上当有人在自己周围吸烟时会打开门窗等，而只有16．9％的人会主动要求别人不要在自己面前吸烟。假设有人在自己面前吸烟时，非被动吸烟组采取主动措施避免被动吸烟的意识显著强于被动吸烟组。被调查的妇女中有95．1％的人相信媒体关于吸烟对健康危害的宣传。结论控制被动吸烟的主要场所是家中和机关单位、商业、服务业以及生产运输的工作场所。尤其要加大对家庭中被动吸烟的控制。人们对被动吸烟危害程度的认识影响着人群被动吸烟率。利用电视和杂志等媒体进行被动吸烟对健康危害的宣传，加强人群主动避免被动吸烟的意识，是控制人群吸烟、降低人群被动吸烟率的可行性措施之一。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50778057)
文摘A kind of neat asphalt and three kinds of diatomite asphalt are tested using differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The anti-cracking mechanism of diatomite asphalt is analyzed by DSC and the thermal stress restrained specimen test（TSRST） of the asphalt mixtures. The results show that the low temperature performance of diatomite asphalt is better than that of neat asphalt. The glass transition temperature can reflect the low temperature performance of the diatomite asphalt better and has a good relationship with breaking temperatures. Besides, the TSRST, the bending test, the compressing test and the contraction coefficient test are used to study the low temperature performance of the diatomite asphalt mixture. The results prove that the low temperature performance of the diatomite asphalt mixture is better than that of the neat asphalt mixture. The critical bending strain energy density and the compressing strain energy density of the diatomite asphalt mixture are greater than those of the neat asphalt mixture. After adding diatomite to the asphalt mixture, the contraction coefficient is reduced. Based on the above results, the anti-cracking mechanism of the diatomite asphalt mixture is analyzed from the angle of contraction performance and breaking energy.
