活性炭用于柴油深度脱硫研究进展

综述了活性炭作为吸附剂和催化剂在柴油深度脱硫方面应用的新进展。通过表面热氧化和负载金属离子对活性炭表面进行化学性能改性,有效提高对柴油中噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能。活性炭作为催化剂,能有效催化过氧化氢和氧化柴油中的噻吩类硫化物而达到催化氧化脱硫。活性炭在柴油深度脱硫方面具有广阔的应用前景,但要真正实现其在脱硫上的工业化应用,尚需加强其表面化学性能改性、再生、吸附和催化氧化机理等方面的研究。

Effect of Relative Humidity on Catalytic Combustion of Toluene over Copper Based Catalysts with Different Supports

The copper based catalysts,CuO/γ-Al2O3,CuO/γ-Al2O3-cordierite(Cord) and CuO/Cord,were prepared by impregnation method.The catalytic activity of the catalysts was tested in absence and presence of water vapor,and the catalysts were characterized.Temperature program desorption (TPD) experiments of toluene and water on the catalysts were carried out.The influence of water vapor on the activity of the catalysts was discussed.Results showed that addition of the water vapor has a significant negative effect on the catalytic activity of the catalysts.The higher the concentration of the water vapor in feed steam was,the lower the catalytic activity of the copper based catalysts became,which could be mainly ascribed to the competition of water molecules with toluene molecules for adsorption on the catalyst surfaces.TPD experiments showed that the strength of the interaction between water molecules and three catalysts followed the order:CuO/γ-Al2O3>CuO/γ-Al2O3-Cord>CuO/Cord.As a consequence of that,the degree of degradation in the catalytic activity of these three catalysts by the water vapor followed the order:CuO/γ-Al2O3>CuO/γ-Al2O3-Cord>CuO/Cord.However,the negative effect of the water vapor was reversible.

MVR蒸发工艺在氯化铵废水处理中的应用及经济分析

介绍了蒸汽机械再压缩式蒸发器的工作原理及工艺流程,并与三效蒸发、四效蒸发两种蒸发方式的运行费用进行了对比,体现其明显的节能效果。结果表明:从氯化铵废水中每蒸发出1 t水,相对于四效蒸发器,MVR蒸发器可以节省60.72%的标准煤。