Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is now regarded as the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in China.Despite continuous efforts to improve the therapeutic response,the overall five-year survival rate for NSC...Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is now regarded as the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in China.Despite continuous efforts to improve the therapeutic response,the overall five-year survival rate for NSCLC is still less than 15%.Now we have known that the growth of neoplastic tumors is maintained exclusively by a small subpopulation called "cancer stem cells" which posseses ability of self-renew and differentiation.It has been widely accepted that cancer stem cells are chemoresistant and radioresistant.Therefore,a major challenge in treating this and other cancers is the intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies demonstrated by the stem/progenitor cell that is responsible for the sustained growth,survival,and invasion of the tumor.Identifying these stem cells in non-small cell lung cancer and defining the biologic processes necessary for their existence are paramount in developing new clinical approaches with the goal of preventing disease recurrence.This review summarizes our update understandings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms operating within the putative cancer-initiating cells at the core of non-small cell lung cancer.展开更多
背景与目的气管支气管转移(endotracheal and endobronchial metastases,EEM)在肺癌中罕见,国外文献报道可发生于手术切除后,但国内目前尚未见相关报道,本研究旨在总结和分析肺癌发生EEM的临床特征。方法回顾2015年1月-2018年12月于北...背景与目的气管支气管转移(endotracheal and endobronchial metastases,EEM)在肺癌中罕见,国外文献报道可发生于手术切除后,但国内目前尚未见相关报道,本研究旨在总结和分析肺癌发生EEM的临床特征。方法回顾2015年1月-2018年12月于北京大学第三医院确诊原发性肺癌并行支气管镜的患者,同时检索截至2020年2月Pub Med检索系统中的病例,采集并比较两组患者的临床、病理、影像、支气管镜和预后等资料。结果我院共有6例肺癌伴EEM入选,发生率为0.62%(6/967),均为初诊为肺癌时即伴有EEM。鳞癌4例,腺癌1例,小细胞肺癌1例。Ⅲb期1例,Ⅳ期5例。中央型肺癌5例,周围型1例。EEM在支气管镜下表现为肺癌原发灶之外的气道黏膜结节或息肉性病变5例、局灶性黏膜异常1例。转移至对侧支气管5例,至同侧支气管和气管各1例。中位总生存期为7.5个月。从Pub Med数据库共检索到13例,其中12例为肺癌术后随诊胸部计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)异常继而确诊为EEM。中央型9例,鳞癌8例,EEM在CT上表现为腔内结节10例,气管壁局限增厚2例,支气管镜下均表现为气道黏膜结节或息肉样病变。转移至气管10例,至对侧支气管5例,至同侧支气管1例。结论EEM是原发性肺癌罕见的转移方式,可发生于初诊时,也可发生于术后,多见于晚期中央型鳞癌,预后差。展开更多
文摘Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is now regarded as the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in China.Despite continuous efforts to improve the therapeutic response,the overall five-year survival rate for NSCLC is still less than 15%.Now we have known that the growth of neoplastic tumors is maintained exclusively by a small subpopulation called "cancer stem cells" which posseses ability of self-renew and differentiation.It has been widely accepted that cancer stem cells are chemoresistant and radioresistant.Therefore,a major challenge in treating this and other cancers is the intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies demonstrated by the stem/progenitor cell that is responsible for the sustained growth,survival,and invasion of the tumor.Identifying these stem cells in non-small cell lung cancer and defining the biologic processes necessary for their existence are paramount in developing new clinical approaches with the goal of preventing disease recurrence.This review summarizes our update understandings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms operating within the putative cancer-initiating cells at the core of non-small cell lung cancer.
