在马赫数3.8的超声速风洞中,以高时空分辨率的基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS,Nano-tracer based Planar Laser Scattering)技术为实验手段,研究了有无喷流的超声速光学头罩流场的精细结构,清晰地再现了流场中的激波、膨胀波、剪切层...在马赫数3.8的超声速风洞中,以高时空分辨率的基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS,Nano-tracer based Planar Laser Scattering)技术为实验手段,研究了有无喷流的超声速光学头罩流场的精细结构,清晰地再现了流场中的激波、膨胀波、剪切层和湍流边界层等复杂结构.通过分析时间相关的流场NPLS图像,可以发现流场结构随时间的演化特性.结果表明:无喷流情况下光学窗口上方的大部分流场处于层流状态;有喷流情况下剪切层的层流区域较短,在很短的距离内转捩至湍流状态;喷流出口压力高于外界压力情况下剪切层的转捩位置比压力匹配情况下较为靠前,光学窗口上方的涡结构也较为复杂.比较而言,后者对气动光学性能的影响更大.展开更多
In a Mach 3.8 wind tunnel, both instantaneous and time-averaged flow structures of different scales around a blunt double-cone with or without supersonic film cooling were visualized via nano-tracer planar laser scatt...In a Mach 3.8 wind tunnel, both instantaneous and time-averaged flow structures of different scales around a blunt double-cone with or without supersonic film cooling were visualized via nano-tracer planar laser scattering （NPLS）, which has a high spatiotemporal resolution. Three experimental cases with different injection mass flux rates were carried out. Many typical flow structures were clearly shown, such as shock waves, expansion fans, shear layers, mixing layers, and turbulent boundary layers. The analysis of two NPLS images with an interval of 5 us revealed the temporal evolution characteristics of flow structures. With matched pressures, the laminar length of the mixing layer was longer than that in the case with a larger mass flux rate, but the full covered region was shorter. Structures like K-H （Kelvin-Helmholtz） vortices were clearly seen in both flows. Without injection, the flow was similar to the supersonic flow over a backward- facing step, and the structures were relatively simpler, and there was a longer laminar region. Large scale structures such as hairpin vortices were visualized. In addition, the results were compared in part with the schlieren images captured by others under similar conditions.展开更多
Experimental studies which focus on flow visualization and the velocity field of a supersonic laminar/turbulent flow over a compression ramp were carried out in a Mach 3.0 wind tunnel. Fine flow structures and velocit...Experimental studies which focus on flow visualization and the velocity field of a supersonic laminar/turbulent flow over a compression ramp were carried out in a Mach 3.0 wind tunnel. Fine flow structures and velocity field structures were obtained via NPLS （nanoparticle-tracer planar laser scattering） and PIV （particle image velocimetry） techniques, time- averaged flow structures were researched, and spatiotemporal evolutions of transient flow structures were analyzed. The flow visualization results indicated that when the ramp angles were 25~, a typical separation occurred in the laminar flow, some typical flow structures such as shock induced by the boundary layer, separation shock, reversed flow and reattachment shock were visible clearly. While a certain extent separation occurred in turbulent flow, the separation region was much smaller. When the ramp angles were 28~, laminar flow separated further, and the separation region expanded evidently, flow structures in the separation region were complex. While a typical separation occurred in turbulent flow, reversed flow structures were significant, flow structures in the separation region were relatively simple. The experimental results of velocity field were corresponding to flow visualization, and the velocity field structures of both compression ramp flows agreed with the flow structures well. There were three layered structures in the U component velocity, and the V component velocity appeared like an oblique ＂v＂. Some differences between these two compression ramp flows can be observed in the velocity profiles of the shear layer and the shearing intensity.展开更多
The effect of micro-ramp control on fully developed turbulent flow over a forward-facing step(FFS)is investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering(NPLS)a...The effect of micro-ramp control on fully developed turbulent flow over a forward-facing step(FFS)is investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering(NPLS)and supersonic particle image velocimetry(PIV)techniques.High spatiotemporal resolution images and the average velocity profiles of supersonic flow over the FFS with and without the control of the micro-ramps are captured.The fine structures of both cases,including the coherent structures of fully developed boundary layer and the large-scale hairpin-like vortices originated from the micro-ramps as well as the interaction of shock waves with the large-scale structures,are revealed and compared.Based on the time-correlation images,the temporal and spatial evolutionary characteristics of the coherent structures are investigated.It is beneficial to understand the dynamic mechanisms of the separated flow and the control mechanisms of the micro-ramps.The size of the separation region is determined by the NPLS and PIV.The results indicate that the control of the micro-ramps is capable of delaying the separation and diminishing the extent of recirculation zone.展开更多
The coherent structures of flow over a double elliptic surface are experimentally investigated in a supersonic low- noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering （NPLS） and particle im...The coherent structures of flow over a double elliptic surface are experimentally investigated in a supersonic low- noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering （NPLS） and particle image velocimetry （PIV） techniques. High spatiotemporal resolution images and velocity fields of both laminar and turbulent inflows over the test model are captured. Based on the time-correlation images, the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of the coherent structures are investigated. The flow structures in the NPLS images are in good agreement with the velocity fluctuation fields by PIV. From statistically significant ensembles, spatial correlation analysis of both cases is performed to quantify the mean size and the orientation of coherent structures. The results indicate that the mean structure is elliptical in shape and the structural angles in the separated region of laminar inflow are slightly smaller than that of turbulent inflow. Moreover, the structural angles of both cases increase with their distance away from the wall.展开更多
A novel technique for simultaneous measurements of instantaneous whole-field density and velocity fields of supersonic flows has been developed.The density measurement is performed based on the nano-tracer planar lase...A novel technique for simultaneous measurements of instantaneous whole-field density and velocity fields of supersonic flows has been developed.The density measurement is performed based on the nano-tracer planar laser scattering（NPLS） technique,while the velocity measurement is carried out using particle image velocimetry（PIV）.The present experimental technique has been applied to a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer at Mach 3,and the measurement accuracy of the density and velocity are discussed.Based on this new technique,the Reynolds stress distributions were also obtained,demonstrating that this is an effective means for measuring Reynolds stresses under compressible conditions.展开更多
文摘在马赫数3.8的超声速风洞中,以高时空分辨率的基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS,Nano-tracer based Planar Laser Scattering)技术为实验手段,研究了有无喷流的超声速光学头罩流场的精细结构,清晰地再现了流场中的激波、膨胀波、剪切层和湍流边界层等复杂结构.通过分析时间相关的流场NPLS图像,可以发现流场结构随时间的演化特性.结果表明:无喷流情况下光学窗口上方的大部分流场处于层流状态;有喷流情况下剪切层的层流区域较短,在很短的距离内转捩至湍流状态;喷流出口压力高于外界压力情况下剪切层的转捩位置比压力匹配情况下较为靠前,光学窗口上方的涡结构也较为复杂.比较而言,后者对气动光学性能的影响更大.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009 CB724100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11172326)
文摘In a Mach 3.8 wind tunnel, both instantaneous and time-averaged flow structures of different scales around a blunt double-cone with or without supersonic film cooling were visualized via nano-tracer planar laser scattering （NPLS）, which has a high spatiotemporal resolution. Three experimental cases with different injection mass flux rates were carried out. Many typical flow structures were clearly shown, such as shock waves, expansion fans, shear layers, mixing layers, and turbulent boundary layers. The analysis of two NPLS images with an interval of 5 us revealed the temporal evolution characteristics of flow structures. With matched pressures, the laminar length of the mixing layer was longer than that in the case with a larger mass flux rate, but the full covered region was shorter. Structures like K-H （Kelvin-Helmholtz） vortices were clearly seen in both flows. Without injection, the flow was similar to the supersonic flow over a backward- facing step, and the structures were relatively simpler, and there was a longer laminar region. Large scale structures such as hairpin vortices were visualized. In addition, the results were compared in part with the schlieren images captured by others under similar conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11172326 and 11302256)
文摘Experimental studies which focus on flow visualization and the velocity field of a supersonic laminar/turbulent flow over a compression ramp were carried out in a Mach 3.0 wind tunnel. Fine flow structures and velocity field structures were obtained via NPLS （nanoparticle-tracer planar laser scattering） and PIV （particle image velocimetry） techniques, time- averaged flow structures were researched, and spatiotemporal evolutions of transient flow structures were analyzed. The flow visualization results indicated that when the ramp angles were 25~, a typical separation occurred in the laminar flow, some typical flow structures such as shock induced by the boundary layer, separation shock, reversed flow and reattachment shock were visible clearly. While a certain extent separation occurred in turbulent flow, the separation region was much smaller. When the ramp angles were 28~, laminar flow separated further, and the separation region expanded evidently, flow structures in the separation region were complex. While a typical separation occurred in turbulent flow, reversed flow structures were significant, flow structures in the separation region were relatively simple. The experimental results of velocity field were corresponding to flow visualization, and the velocity field structures of both compression ramp flows agreed with the flow structures well. There were three layered structures in the U component velocity, and the V component velocity appeared like an oblique ＂v＂. Some differences between these two compression ramp flows can be observed in the velocity profiles of the shear layer and the shearing intensity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11172326the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2009CB724100the Scientific Research Program of National University of Defense Technology under Grant No 0100010112001.
文摘The effect of micro-ramp control on fully developed turbulent flow over a forward-facing step(FFS)is investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering(NPLS)and supersonic particle image velocimetry(PIV)techniques.High spatiotemporal resolution images and the average velocity profiles of supersonic flow over the FFS with and without the control of the micro-ramps are captured.The fine structures of both cases,including the coherent structures of fully developed boundary layer and the large-scale hairpin-like vortices originated from the micro-ramps as well as the interaction of shock waves with the large-scale structures,are revealed and compared.Based on the time-correlation images,the temporal and spatial evolutionary characteristics of the coherent structures are investigated.It is beneficial to understand the dynamic mechanisms of the separated flow and the control mechanisms of the micro-ramps.The size of the separation region is determined by the NPLS and PIV.The results indicate that the control of the micro-ramps is capable of delaying the separation and diminishing the extent of recirculation zone.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11172326)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB724100)the Scientific Research Program of National University of Defense Technology,China(Grant No.0100010112001)
文摘The coherent structures of flow over a double elliptic surface are experimentally investigated in a supersonic low- noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering （NPLS） and particle image velocimetry （PIV） techniques. High spatiotemporal resolution images and velocity fields of both laminar and turbulent inflows over the test model are captured. Based on the time-correlation images, the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of the coherent structures are investigated. The flow structures in the NPLS images are in good agreement with the velocity fluctuation fields by PIV. From statistically significant ensembles, spatial correlation analysis of both cases is performed to quantify the mean size and the orientation of coherent structures. The results indicate that the mean structure is elliptical in shape and the structural angles in the separated region of laminar inflow are slightly smaller than that of turbulent inflow. Moreover, the structural angles of both cases increase with their distance away from the wall.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB724100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11172326)
文摘A novel technique for simultaneous measurements of instantaneous whole-field density and velocity fields of supersonic flows has been developed.The density measurement is performed based on the nano-tracer planar laser scattering（NPLS） technique,while the velocity measurement is carried out using particle image velocimetry（PIV）.The present experimental technique has been applied to a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer at Mach 3,and the measurement accuracy of the density and velocity are discussed.Based on this new technique,the Reynolds stress distributions were also obtained,demonstrating that this is an effective means for measuring Reynolds stresses under compressible conditions.
