Prediction of upper limit position of bedding separation overlying a coal roadway within an extra-thick coal seam

Failure of the surrounding rock around a roadway induced by roof separation is one major type of underground roof-fall accidents.This failure can especially be commonly-seen in a bottom-driven roadway within an extra-thick coal seam("bottom-driven roadway"is used throughout for ease of reference),containing weak partings in their roof coal seams.To determine the upper limit position of the roof interlayer separation is the primary premise for roof control.In this study,a mechanical model for predicting the interlayer separation overlying a bottom-driven roadway within an extra-thick coal seam was established and used to deduce the vertical stress,and length,of the elastic,and plastic zones in the rock strata above the wall of the roadway as well as the formulae for calculating the deflection in different regions of rock strata under bearing stress.Also,an approach was proposed,calculating the stratum load,deflection,and limiting span of the upper limit position of the interlayer separation in a thick coal seam.Based on the key strata control theory and its influence of bedding separation,a set of methods judging the upper limit position of the roof interlayer separation were constructed.In addition,the theoretical prediction and field monitoring for the upper limit position of interlayer separation were conducted in a typical roadway.The results obtained by these two methods are consistent,indicating that the methods proposed are conducive to improving roof control in a thick coal seam.

浅析如何提升中学体育课堂教学有效性

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们对教育的追求也越来越高,为响应国家教育的改革,中小学生的教学改革成为了重中之重,其中体育课的发展尤为重要,因为体育教育已经不仅仅只针对中小学生的身体健康了,它对中小学生的身心健康发展也有很大的影响,因此老师和学生都要提高对体育课的重视性。针对现在体育课存在的问题,本篇文章结合多方面的因素进行了分析,并给出来了解决这些问题的一些建议,希望能够有效的提高中学体育的教学。

特厚煤层强采动巷道顶板全锚索控制系统研究

针对大采高综放强采动影响下特厚煤顶大断面煤巷出现剧烈变形的控制难题,综合现场调研、数值模拟、井下试验及现场实测方法,详细研究了特厚煤层强采动巷道变形特征,提出顶板全锚索控制系统,分析了新支护系统的组成结构、控制原理、锚索预应力分布与演化机理、支护效果。结果表明:1)特厚煤层强采动巷道大变形原因可概括为"三大一快"开采特征、强采动应力影响作用、顶煤与夹矸层物理力学性质差异大以及顶板支护强度不足,而其变形特征主要为顶板煤岩离层值大、受采动影响敏感系数高和顶板变形过程非均匀性;2)全锚索综合控制系统通过高预应力小孔径锚索与厚层高强度钢带综合作用形成双承载结构,能有效控制锚索锚固范围内顶板的离层和变形;3)全锚索支护过程中锚索长度,排距和预紧力不同参数值对顶煤中形成的叠合预应力带厚度、预应力扩散传递方向和范围影响显著。并详细介绍了井下运用全锚索系统控制特厚煤层大断面强采动巷道成功案例。