为了提高北方地区玉米秸秆与牛粪的厌氧发酵产气效果,试验将秸秆与畜禽粪便混合来进行厌氧发酵研究。采用总固体(TS)质量分数为20%的发酵工艺,在35℃的条件下分别研究了玉米秸秆与猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪;牛粪与玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、大豆秸秆...为了提高北方地区玉米秸秆与牛粪的厌氧发酵产气效果,试验将秸秆与畜禽粪便混合来进行厌氧发酵研究。采用总固体(TS)质量分数为20%的发酵工艺,在35℃的条件下分别研究了玉米秸秆与猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪;牛粪与玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、大豆秸秆混合厌氧发酵的产气效果,探讨原料的混合及配比对产气效果的影响。原料混合发酵可显著提高总产气量、产气速率。在玉米秸秆与不同粪便的混合发酵研究中,玉米秸秆和鸡粪以1∶2配比产气效果最好,产气率为309 m L·g-1TS;在牛粪与不同秸秆的混合发酵研究中,牛粪和玉米秸秆以3∶1配比产气效果最好,产气率为273 m L·g-1TS。确定了玉米秸秆与不同粪便及牛粪与不同秸秆混合厌氧发酵的最适混合及配比,为提高厌氧发酵的产气效果提供了依据。展开更多
为提高玉米秸秆厌氧消化的产气量及产气效率,采用不同质量分数的组合碱(质量比为2∶1的NaOH和Ca(OH)2)对其进行预处理,经过3 d的预处理后,考察组合碱对玉米秸秆成分及厌氧消化产沼气的影响。结果表明,组合碱预处理能有效缩短消化启动时...为提高玉米秸秆厌氧消化的产气量及产气效率,采用不同质量分数的组合碱(质量比为2∶1的NaOH和Ca(OH)2)对其进行预处理,经过3 d的预处理后,考察组合碱对玉米秸秆成分及厌氧消化产沼气的影响。结果表明,组合碱预处理能有效缩短消化启动时间,并不同程度提高秸秆的产沼气能力。其中质量分数为3%的组合碱处理组产气状况最好,消化60 d后的总产气量可达24035 m L,日均产气率为400.58 m L/d,总固体产气率、挥发性固体产气率分别为358.73 m L/g和369.77 m L/g,在相应的厌氧消化时间内有效提高了玉米秸秆的厌氧消化效率。展开更多
Light–matter interaction plays an important role in the non-equilibrium physics, especially in strongly correlated electron systems with complex phases. Photoinduced effect can cause the variation in the physical pro...Light–matter interaction plays an important role in the non-equilibrium physics, especially in strongly correlated electron systems with complex phases. Photoinduced effect can cause the variation in the physical properties and produce some emergent phases. As a classical archetype, manganites have received much attention due to their colossal magnetoresistance（CMR） effect and the strong interaction of charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this paper, we give an overview of photoinduced effect in manganites and their heterostructures. In particular, some materials, including ZnO, Si,BiFeO3（BFO）, titanate-based oxides, and 0.7 Pb（Mg（1/3） Nb（2/3））O3-0.3 PbTiO3（PMN-PT） have been integrated with manganites. Heterostructures composed of these materials display some exciting and intriguing properties. We do hope that this review offers a guiding idea and more meaningful physical phenomena will be discovered in active areas of solid state physics and materials science.展开更多
文摘为了提高北方地区玉米秸秆与牛粪的厌氧发酵产气效果,试验将秸秆与畜禽粪便混合来进行厌氧发酵研究。采用总固体(TS)质量分数为20%的发酵工艺,在35℃的条件下分别研究了玉米秸秆与猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪;牛粪与玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、大豆秸秆混合厌氧发酵的产气效果,探讨原料的混合及配比对产气效果的影响。原料混合发酵可显著提高总产气量、产气速率。在玉米秸秆与不同粪便的混合发酵研究中,玉米秸秆和鸡粪以1∶2配比产气效果最好,产气率为309 m L·g-1TS;在牛粪与不同秸秆的混合发酵研究中,牛粪和玉米秸秆以3∶1配比产气效果最好,产气率为273 m L·g-1TS。确定了玉米秸秆与不同粪便及牛粪与不同秸秆混合厌氧发酵的最适混合及配比,为提高厌氧发酵的产气效果提供了依据。
文摘为提高玉米秸秆厌氧消化的产气量及产气效率,采用不同质量分数的组合碱(质量比为2∶1的NaOH和Ca(OH)2)对其进行预处理,经过3 d的预处理后,考察组合碱对玉米秸秆成分及厌氧消化产沼气的影响。结果表明,组合碱预处理能有效缩短消化启动时间,并不同程度提高秸秆的产沼气能力。其中质量分数为3%的组合碱处理组产气状况最好,消化60 d后的总产气量可达24035 m L,日均产气率为400.58 m L/d,总固体产气率、挥发性固体产气率分别为358.73 m L/g和369.77 m L/g,在相应的厌氧消化时间内有效提高了玉米秸秆的厌氧消化效率。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51572222,50702046,51172183,and 11604265)
文摘Light–matter interaction plays an important role in the non-equilibrium physics, especially in strongly correlated electron systems with complex phases. Photoinduced effect can cause the variation in the physical properties and produce some emergent phases. As a classical archetype, manganites have received much attention due to their colossal magnetoresistance（CMR） effect and the strong interaction of charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this paper, we give an overview of photoinduced effect in manganites and their heterostructures. In particular, some materials, including ZnO, Si,BiFeO3（BFO）, titanate-based oxides, and 0.7 Pb（Mg（1/3） Nb（2/3））O3-0.3 PbTiO3（PMN-PT） have been integrated with manganites. Heterostructures composed of these materials display some exciting and intriguing properties. We do hope that this review offers a guiding idea and more meaningful physical phenomena will be discovered in active areas of solid state physics and materials science.
