溶剂对聚氯乙烯-聚乙二醇-KOH体系脱氯行为的影响

For the Poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/Poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)/Potassium hydroxide(KOH)reaction system,effects of solvent type,PVC concentration and reaction time on dechlorination of PVC have been investigated.Results proved that the addition of solvents could effectively enhance the dechlorination of PVC for the PVC/PEG/KOH system.Moreover,the properties of solvents as well as the PVC concentration greatly influence the dechlorination behaviors of PVC.When the PVC concentration is less than 1.6 wt%,PVC owns higher dechlorination degree(DD)at 25℃in tetrahydrofuran(THF)than that in 1,4-dioxane(DOA),and the DD of PVC decreases with the increase of the PVC oncentration in both solvents;when the PVC concentration is higher than 1.6 wt%while less than 3.2 wt%,PVC owns higher dechlorination degree in DOA than that in THF,and the DD of PVC increases with the increase of the PVC oncentration in DOA;with further increase of PVC concentration,the DD of PVC decreases in both solvents.In addition,the DD of PVC first rapidly increase,then decrease slowly with the increase of reaction time for PVC/THF system,while it keeps on increasing for PVC/DOA system,suggesting the dechlorinated PVC is more stable in DOA.

餐厨垃圾制备燃料乙醇二级催化水解反应的研究

餐厨垃圾的水解过程是餐厨垃圾制备燃料乙醇的关键步骤。研究采用两级催化水解技术,较好地解决了淀粉和纤维素协同、经济、高效水解糖化的难题,以餐厨垃圾为原料,研究复合催化剂、酸浓度、水解温度对水解效果的影响。结果表明,使用复合催化剂且浓度为0.5%H2SO4+0.01%助催化剂,在一级水解温度为120℃和二级水解温度为180℃时得到的水解效果较好。

硫酸镁颗粒高效分离油包水乳液

乳化油中微量水分的分离脱除是工业废油净化,实现资源化回用的关键步骤.本研究通过乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)诱导Mg^(2+)和SO_(4)^(2−)结晶,成功合成单分散硫酸镁微米颗粒(MgSO_(4)·1.25H_(2)O,MSH).该颗粒在脱除乳化水分方面具有优异的性能,针对含10 mg/mL水的乳化变压器油:(1)添加16.0 g/L_(oil) MSH可去除95.56%的水分,提高添加量或分离温度可进一步提高水分去除率至98.74%;(2)颗粒吸水后尺寸从4.1μm膨胀至40μm,易于从油中分离,无残留;(3)可循环再利用,初步估算处理每立方乳化油成本为733.68元,低于目前报道的其他材料.机理探讨发现,MSH优异的除水功能归功于其在常温下可重排的晶格结构,可腾出空间来捕获并固定乳化油中的微量水分(水分固定于MSH晶格间隙),其晶格空间水容量达0.63 g_(H_(2)O)/g_(MSH),分别是已报道的双金属氧化物(LDO,0.48 g_(H_(2)O)/g_(LDO))和半水硫酸钙(HH,0.18 g_(H_(2)O)/g_(HH))的1.31和3.50倍.本研究结果将为工业乳化废油的提纯净化提供新的策略和材料,积极推进我国工业废油的绿色高效资源化回用进程,符合国家节能环保战略需求.