研究表明东亚地区严重的近地层空气污染与高空急流之间存在着一定的联系。本文利NCEP/NCAR逐日风场、垂直速度资料以及Science Data Bank的地面污染物和气象要素数据,运用统计分析法研究了冬季东亚高空急流与近地面空气污染物高浓度区...研究表明东亚地区严重的近地层空气污染与高空急流之间存在着一定的联系。本文利NCEP/NCAR逐日风场、垂直速度资料以及Science Data Bank的地面污染物和气象要素数据,运用统计分析法研究了冬季东亚高空急流与近地面空气污染物高浓度区的关系并初步探讨了两者之间的作用机制。结果表明,2013~2018年冬季我国华北平原是颗粒物的高值区,华北平原污染物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的平均浓度分别为80.65μg m^(−3)、118.62μg m^(−3),超标天数分别共计459 d、489 d。颗粒物浓度均呈逐年缓慢下降趋势,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)平均浓度约为0.65,该比值保持多年稳定。该地区的空气污染物浓度与东亚高空温带急流和副热带急流之间的强度反位相变化关系显著,两者可能通过地面温度以及经向风进而产生联系。当冬季高空温带急流强度偏强时,平均状态下副热带急流强度会偏弱,温带急流与副热带急流之间通过次级环流进行质量交换并稳定在这一状态,此时由于华北平原处于减弱的副热带急流右侧,上升气流减弱,地面温度升高,有增强的异常南风出现,有利于华北平原中部的PM_(10)、北部PM_(2.5)的堆积。反之,当冬季高空温带急流强度偏弱时,平均状态下副热带急流强度会偏强,此时上升气流增强,地面温度降低,有减弱的异常北风出现,此时不利于华北平原中部的PM_(10)、北部PM_(2.5)的堆积。展开更多
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are severe disaster-producing weather systems. Previous attempts of MCS census are made by examining infrared satellite imageries artificially, with subjectivity involved in the pro...Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are severe disaster-producing weather systems. Previous attempts of MCS census are made by examining infrared satellite imageries artificially, with subjectivity involved in the process unavoidably. This method is also inefficient and time-consuming. The disadvantages make it impossible to do MCS census over Asia and western Pacific region (AWPR) with an extended span of time, which is not favorable for gaining a deeper insight into these systems. In this paper, a fire-new automatic MCS identification (AMI) method is used to capture four categories of MCSs with different sizes and shapes from numerical satellite infrared data. 47,468 MCSs are identified over Asia and western Pacific region during the warm season (May to October) from 1995 to 2008. Based on this database, MCS characteristics such as shape, size, duration, velocity, geographical distribution, intermonthly variation, and lifecycle are studied. Results indicate that the number of linear MCSs is 2.5 times that of circular MCSs. The former is of a larger size while the latter is of a longer duration. The 500 hPa steering flow plays an important role in the MCS movement. MCSs tend to move faster after they reach the maximum extent. Four categories of MCS have similar characteristics of geographical distribution and intermonthly variation. Basically, MCSs are zonally distributed, with three zones weakening from south to north. The intermonthly variation of MCSs is related to the seasonal adjustment of the large-scale circulation. As to the MCSs over China, they have different lifecycle characteristics over different areas. MCSs over plateaus and hill areas, with only one peak in their lifecycle curves, tend to form in the afternoon, mature at nightfall, and dissipate at night. On the other hand, MCSs over plains, which have several peaks in their lifecycle curves, may form either in the afternoon or at night, whereas MCSs over the oceans tend to form at midnight. Affected by the sea-land breeze circulation, MCSs over coastal areas of Guangdong and Guangxi always come into being at about 1500 or 1600 (local time), while MCSs over the Sichuan Basin, affected by the mountain-valley breeze circulation, generally initiate nocturnally.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Founds of China (40875028)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are severe disaster-producing weather systems. Previous attempts of MCS census are made by examining infrared satellite imageries artificially, with subjectivity involved in the process unavoidably. This method is also inefficient and time-consuming. The disadvantages make it impossible to do MCS census over Asia and western Pacific region (AWPR) with an extended span of time, which is not favorable for gaining a deeper insight into these systems. In this paper, a fire-new automatic MCS identification (AMI) method is used to capture four categories of MCSs with different sizes and shapes from numerical satellite infrared data. 47,468 MCSs are identified over Asia and western Pacific region during the warm season (May to October) from 1995 to 2008. Based on this database, MCS characteristics such as shape, size, duration, velocity, geographical distribution, intermonthly variation, and lifecycle are studied. Results indicate that the number of linear MCSs is 2.5 times that of circular MCSs. The former is of a larger size while the latter is of a longer duration. The 500 hPa steering flow plays an important role in the MCS movement. MCSs tend to move faster after they reach the maximum extent. Four categories of MCS have similar characteristics of geographical distribution and intermonthly variation. Basically, MCSs are zonally distributed, with three zones weakening from south to north. The intermonthly variation of MCSs is related to the seasonal adjustment of the large-scale circulation. As to the MCSs over China, they have different lifecycle characteristics over different areas. MCSs over plateaus and hill areas, with only one peak in their lifecycle curves, tend to form in the afternoon, mature at nightfall, and dissipate at night. On the other hand, MCSs over plains, which have several peaks in their lifecycle curves, may form either in the afternoon or at night, whereas MCSs over the oceans tend to form at midnight. Affected by the sea-land breeze circulation, MCSs over coastal areas of Guangdong and Guangxi always come into being at about 1500 or 1600 (local time), while MCSs over the Sichuan Basin, affected by the mountain-valley breeze circulation, generally initiate nocturnally.
