玉米植株营养含量及变化规律研究

测定了春玉米植株不同生长期及成熟期各结构部位的营养含量变化。结果表明：玉米雄穗在花蕾期、初花期、盛花期和末花期粗蛋白含量分别为１２．５３％、１１．０３％、１０．４５％和８．９５％；籽实成熟期为４．２４％。叶片：全绿叶、１／３黄叶、２／３黄叶和全黄叶的粗蛋白含量分别为１０．９６％、５．７０％、３．４２％和２．５５％。植株粗脂肪、无氮浸出物含量随植物的成熟递减，而粗纤维、粗灰分同时随之递增。玉米植株从生长期至成熟期其营养含量从高到低依次大致为雄穗、叶片、茎、秆和苞叶。产量以茎秆最多，叶片次之，雄穗最少。因此，在不影响玉米籽实产量的前提下，尽可能地早期收割利用玉米雄穗、叶片、茎秆，对提高玉米秸秆的生物价值及经济效益有重要意义。

陕西省渭北旱原种植制度的研究

通过“八五期间试验，在渭北旱原：（１）优势作物是红薯和花生。干旱年、平水年二者均有较高经济效益。玉米的种植，生育期降雨不足４００ｍｍ时不可种植。烤烟，棉花效益不好，近年不宜扩大。中药材具有一定开发潜力；（２）对作物产量影响较大的处理是麦草覆盖、增施农肥和豌豆轮作等项措施；（３）本试验水分生产率最高、耗水系数最低的轮作制是：玉米→玉米→玉米和（小麦＋绿豆）→（玉米＋大豆）→小麦。在不同轮作制同一个周期里，玉米生产潜力最大（干旱年例外），其次依次是小麦豌豆，油菜，绿豆和大豆；（４）蒸发量最大是（小麦＋绿豆）→（玉米＋大豆）→小麦，最小是玉米→玉米→五米和麦草覆盖等轮作处理。夏收后在休闲期，以麦草覆盖增补水最多，油菜裸露地最少；（５）油菜、莞豆是理想的肥地作物，应予推广。

渭北旱塬农作物经济效益试验研究

通过两年试验，可以肯定，渭北旱塬的优势作物是红薯和花生。无论在干旱年或平水年均有较高经济效益。玉米的种植，在年降雨量不足４００ｍｍ、时不宜种植。近年因空害频繁，气候不佳，烤烟不宜提倡，棉花应该停止种植。中药材具有根大开发潜力。作物从土壤中吸水，平水年主要在１米以上；干旱年则在１米以下。其耗水规律随种类及处理而变化。

通过应变工程提高有机半导体的迁移率

有机半导体(OSCs)是推动柔性电子发展的关键.然而,其应用一直受到其较低迁移率的阻碍.虽然分子工程和器件工程可以提高OSC迁移率,但近年来进展几乎停滞不前.本研究揭示了有机半导体在应变下的层数依赖电荷输运特性,并通过应变工程可大幅提高其迁移率.施加应变可以减小分子间π-π间距并减少电子-声子散射,从而提高电荷输运效率.我们观察到应变因子和材料厚度之间存在直接相关性,较薄的晶体具有较高的应变因子.使用分子级薄的二维分子晶体,我们观察到迁移率显著提高了58%.我们的研究结果为提高有机半导体的迁移率开辟了新的途径.

Spin injection and transport in single-crystalline organic spin valves based on TIPS-pentacene

Single crystals of organic semiconductors with perfect crystal structure and minimal density of defects can exhibit high mobility and low spin scattering compared with their amorphous or polycrystalline counterparts.Therefore,these materials are promising candidates as the spin transport media to obtain long spin relaxation times and spin diffusion lengths in spintronic devices.However,the investigation of spin injection and transport properties in organic single crystals is hindered by the inability to construct devices such as single-crystalline organic spin valves(OSVs).Herein,thin and large organic single crystals of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene(TIPS-pentacene)were grown on a liquid substrate and transferred to a target substrate carrying ferromagnetic electrodes to construct single-crystalline OSVs.The magnetoresistance(MR)responses of the single crystals were investigated to study their spin injection and transport properties.MR value as high as 17%was probed with an intermediate layer thickness of 269 nm.More importantly,spin transport was still observed in a single crystal of a thickness up to 457 nm,which was much larger than that of polycrystalline thin film.Our research provides a general methodology for constructing single-crystalline OSVs and paves the way to probe the intrinsic spin transport properties of organic semiconductors based on single crystals.