目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清残余胆固醇(RC)水平与超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达的相关性。方法选取2017年10月~2019年10月于川北医学院附属医院住院的2型糖尿病患者414例,及同期表观正常健康人群100例作为对照组。检测研究对象hs-CRP及总...目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清残余胆固醇(RC)水平与超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达的相关性。方法选取2017年10月~2019年10月于川北医学院附属医院住院的2型糖尿病患者414例,及同期表观正常健康人群100例作为对照组。检测研究对象hs-CRP及总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等生化指标,并计算RC水平。比较糖尿病组与对照组RC水平差异,采用Logistic回归分析评估RC与2型糖尿病有无关系。根据RC四分位水平将2型糖尿病患者分为四组,分析RC与hs-CRP表达的相关性。比较有无冠心病的2型糖尿病患者间RC水平。结果2型糖尿病组血清RC水平高于对照组[0.70(0.47,1.04)mmol/L vs 0.45(0.31,0.61)mmol/L,z=-6.959,P=0.000],logistic回归分析显示RC是2型糖尿病的相关因素(95%CI:1.120~15.560,P=0.033)。不同RC水平四分位组间,第四分位组hs-CRP水平高于第一、二、三分位组[1.64(0.70,4.24)mg/L vs 0.70(0.13,3.14)mg/L,0.60(0.13,2.08)mg/L和1.23(0.24,3.25)mg/L,z=-3.812,-4.595,-2.164,均P<0.05]。相关分析显示RC与hs-CRP呈正相关(r=0.218,P=0.000),多重线性回归显示RC与hs-CRP表达独立相关(t=2.540,P=0.011)。伴冠心病的2型糖尿病组RC高于无冠心病2型糖尿病组[0.79(0.54,1.22)mmol/L vs 0.69(0.46,0.98)mmol/L,z=-2.196,P=0.028]。结论2型糖尿病患者血清RC水平较对照组高,RC水平与hs-CRP表达呈正相关,提示2型糖尿病患者的慢性炎症可与RC有关。展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered ideal energy‐conversion devices because of their environmentally friendly nature and high theoretical energy efficiency.However,cathodic polarization,which is...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered ideal energy‐conversion devices because of their environmentally friendly nature and high theoretical energy efficiency.However,cathodic polarization,which is a result of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics,is a significant source of energy loss and reduces fuel cell efficiency.Further,the need to use Pt in commercial Pt/C cathodes has restricted their large‐scale application in fuel cells because of its high cost and poor durability.Thus,improvements in the activity and durability of Pt‐based catalyst are required to reduce the amount of Pt required and,thus,costs,while increasing the ORR rate and fuel cell power density and promoting widespread PEMFC commercialization.In recent years,atomically ordered Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals have received tremendous attention owing to their excellent activity and stability for the ORR.Therefore,in this review,we first introduce the formation of intermetallic compounds from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics to lay a theoretical foundation for the design of these compounds.In addition,optimization strategies for Pt‐based ordered intermetallic catalysts are summarized in terms of the catalyst composition,size,and morphology.Finally,we conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects of Pt‐based ordered alloys.This review is designed to help readers gain insights into the recent developments in and rational design of Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals for the ORR and encourage research that will enable the commercialization of PEMFCs.展开更多
文摘目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清残余胆固醇(RC)水平与超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达的相关性。方法选取2017年10月~2019年10月于川北医学院附属医院住院的2型糖尿病患者414例,及同期表观正常健康人群100例作为对照组。检测研究对象hs-CRP及总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等生化指标,并计算RC水平。比较糖尿病组与对照组RC水平差异,采用Logistic回归分析评估RC与2型糖尿病有无关系。根据RC四分位水平将2型糖尿病患者分为四组,分析RC与hs-CRP表达的相关性。比较有无冠心病的2型糖尿病患者间RC水平。结果2型糖尿病组血清RC水平高于对照组[0.70(0.47,1.04)mmol/L vs 0.45(0.31,0.61)mmol/L,z=-6.959,P=0.000],logistic回归分析显示RC是2型糖尿病的相关因素(95%CI:1.120~15.560,P=0.033)。不同RC水平四分位组间,第四分位组hs-CRP水平高于第一、二、三分位组[1.64(0.70,4.24)mg/L vs 0.70(0.13,3.14)mg/L,0.60(0.13,2.08)mg/L和1.23(0.24,3.25)mg/L,z=-3.812,-4.595,-2.164,均P<0.05]。相关分析显示RC与hs-CRP呈正相关(r=0.218,P=0.000),多重线性回归显示RC与hs-CRP表达独立相关(t=2.540,P=0.011)。伴冠心病的2型糖尿病组RC高于无冠心病2型糖尿病组[0.79(0.54,1.22)mmol/L vs 0.69(0.46,0.98)mmol/L,z=-2.196,P=0.028]。结论2型糖尿病患者血清RC水平较对照组高,RC水平与hs-CRP表达呈正相关,提示2型糖尿病患者的慢性炎症可与RC有关。
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered ideal energy‐conversion devices because of their environmentally friendly nature and high theoretical energy efficiency.However,cathodic polarization,which is a result of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics,is a significant source of energy loss and reduces fuel cell efficiency.Further,the need to use Pt in commercial Pt/C cathodes has restricted their large‐scale application in fuel cells because of its high cost and poor durability.Thus,improvements in the activity and durability of Pt‐based catalyst are required to reduce the amount of Pt required and,thus,costs,while increasing the ORR rate and fuel cell power density and promoting widespread PEMFC commercialization.In recent years,atomically ordered Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals have received tremendous attention owing to their excellent activity and stability for the ORR.Therefore,in this review,we first introduce the formation of intermetallic compounds from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics to lay a theoretical foundation for the design of these compounds.In addition,optimization strategies for Pt‐based ordered intermetallic catalysts are summarized in terms of the catalyst composition,size,and morphology.Finally,we conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects of Pt‐based ordered alloys.This review is designed to help readers gain insights into the recent developments in and rational design of Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals for the ORR and encourage research that will enable the commercialization of PEMFCs.
