停车诱导信息系统(Parking Guidance Information System,PGIS)被认为是改善城市交通拥挤的一项有效技术,不同的PGIS市场占有率对道路交通的影响是不同的。文章将出行者分成两类:使用PGIS和不使用PGIS,考虑了PGIS对出行者道路和停车选...停车诱导信息系统(Parking Guidance Information System,PGIS)被认为是改善城市交通拥挤的一项有效技术,不同的PGIS市场占有率对道路交通的影响是不同的。文章将出行者分成两类:使用PGIS和不使用PGIS,考虑了PGIS对出行者道路和停车选择行为的影响以及PGIS的市场占有率,构造了随机用户均衡模型来描述PGIS条件下的道路和停车选择问题,设计了相应的算法。最后,通过一个算例对模型及算法进行了验证。展开更多
考虑交通信息系统(advanced traveler information system,ATIS)对出行者道路和停车选择行为的影响,并将出行者分成两类:一类出行者使用ATIS,另一类不使用ATIS.在此基础上,构造了一个基于概率的随机用户均衡模型来描述ATIS条件下的道路...考虑交通信息系统(advanced traveler information system,ATIS)对出行者道路和停车选择行为的影响,并将出行者分成两类:一类出行者使用ATIS,另一类不使用ATIS.在此基础上,构造了一个基于概率的随机用户均衡模型来描述ATIS条件下的道路和停车选择问题,并给出了相应的求解算法.最后,通过一个算例分析了模型及算法的使用效果.展开更多
Using the sample data obtained from a group of pedestrian experiments,a function formulating the velocitydensity relationship of pedestrians and linear regression is proposed to provide empirical evidence for the look...Using the sample data obtained from a group of pedestrian experiments,a function formulating the velocitydensity relationship of pedestrians and linear regression is proposed to provide empirical evidence for the lookahead behavior of pedestrians in bi-directional flows.We find that the velocity of pedestrians is negatively correlated with not only the densities of the opposite-direction and the identical-direction pedestrians around them but also the densities of the same-direction pedestrians ahead of them.Moreover,the movement of pedestrians is most affected by other pedestrians moving in the same direction about 1 m ahead.展开更多
This paper presents a network equilibrium formulation for modeling commuters＇ travel choices in a bimodal transport system with park-and-ride （P＆R） trips while the total demand is elastic to the congestion level o...This paper presents a network equilibrium formulation for modeling commuters＇ travel choices in a bimodal transport system with park-and-ride （P＆R） trips while the total demand is elastic to the congestion level of the network. A super-network approach is adopted in the proposed model. It is assumed that commuters＇ trips are categorized into two types, auto mode only and a combined mode with both auto and transit modes. The former is referred to as the pure mode trip and the latter as the P＆R mode trip. The proposed model simultaneously considers the commuter＇s choice of the pure mode versus the P＆R mode, the choice of parking location for the pure mode, the choice of transfer point for the P＆R mode, as well as the route choice for each mode. The demand elasticity of transport system, the capacity constraints of transport facilities, and the congestion interaction throughout the super-network are also explicitly incorporated into the proposed model. The results of the numerical experiment show the following key findings： （i） traditional parking/P＆R models may overestimate or underestimate travel demand distribution over network; （ii） parking/P＆R, transit scheduling, and carpooling schemes bring significant impacts on commuters＇ travel behavior and network performance; and （iii） different transport policies may be to some extent mutually substituted .展开更多
The optimization of parking charges and parking supply over the time of a day is an important problem in the design of transportation networks. This paper presents a bilevel model to determine the optimal time-varying...The optimization of parking charges and parking supply over the time of a day is an important problem in the design of transportation networks. This paper presents a bilevel model to determine the optimal time-varying parking charges and parking supply in road networks with multiple user classes and different types of parking facilities. The upper level of the model aims to maximize the network net benefit in response to the parking charges and parking supply, whereas the lower level is a time-dependent network equilibrium problem with elastic demand. A descent-gradient-based solution algorithm is adapted to solve the model. The numerical results show that the implementation of time-varying parking charges and parking supply is useful to effectively cater to the time-varying demand with different parking needs. The model provides a powerful tool for strategically designing parking locations and evaluating various parking policies.展开更多
文摘停车诱导信息系统(Parking Guidance Information System,PGIS)被认为是改善城市交通拥挤的一项有效技术,不同的PGIS市场占有率对道路交通的影响是不同的。文章将出行者分成两类:使用PGIS和不使用PGIS,考虑了PGIS对出行者道路和停车选择行为的影响以及PGIS的市场占有率,构造了随机用户均衡模型来描述PGIS条件下的道路和停车选择问题,设计了相应的算法。最后,通过一个算例对模型及算法进行了验证。
文摘考虑交通信息系统(advanced traveler information system,ATIS)对出行者道路和停车选择行为的影响,并将出行者分成两类:一类出行者使用ATIS,另一类不使用ATIS.在此基础上,构造了一个基于概率的随机用户均衡模型来描述ATIS条件下的道路和停车选择问题,并给出了相应的求解算法.最后,通过一个算例分析了模型及算法的使用效果.
基金Supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under Grant No HKU7184/10Ethe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 71001047+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia under Grant No 2010BS1001the Program of Higher-Level Talents of Inner Mongolia University under Grant No Z20090113the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korea Government(MEST)under Grant No 2010-0029446.
文摘Using the sample data obtained from a group of pedestrian experiments,a function formulating the velocitydensity relationship of pedestrians and linear regression is proposed to provide empirical evidence for the lookahead behavior of pedestrians in bi-directional flows.We find that the velocity of pedestrians is negatively correlated with not only the densities of the opposite-direction and the identical-direction pedestrians around them but also the densities of the same-direction pedestrians ahead of them.Moreover,the movement of pedestrians is most affected by other pedestrians moving in the same direction about 1 m ahead.
基金Supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (No. PolyU 5084/05E, PolyU 5143/03E, and HKU 7126/04E)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20060400573)
文摘This paper presents a network equilibrium formulation for modeling commuters＇ travel choices in a bimodal transport system with park-and-ride （P＆R） trips while the total demand is elastic to the congestion level of the network. A super-network approach is adopted in the proposed model. It is assumed that commuters＇ trips are categorized into two types, auto mode only and a combined mode with both auto and transit modes. The former is referred to as the pure mode trip and the latter as the P＆R mode trip. The proposed model simultaneously considers the commuter＇s choice of the pure mode versus the P＆R mode, the choice of parking location for the pure mode, the choice of transfer point for the P＆R mode, as well as the route choice for each mode. The demand elasticity of transport system, the capacity constraints of transport facilities, and the congestion interaction throughout the super-network are also explicitly incorporated into the proposed model. The results of the numerical experiment show the following key findings： （i） traditional parking/P＆R models may overestimate or underestimate travel demand distribution over network; （ii） parking/P＆R, transit scheduling, and carpooling schemes bring significant impacts on commuters＇ travel behavior and network performance; and （iii） different transport policies may be to some extent mutually substituted .
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50578006 and 70521001)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB705503)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Nos. PolyU 5084/05E, PolyU 5143/03E, and HKU 7134/03E)
文摘The optimization of parking charges and parking supply over the time of a day is an important problem in the design of transportation networks. This paper presents a bilevel model to determine the optimal time-varying parking charges and parking supply in road networks with multiple user classes and different types of parking facilities. The upper level of the model aims to maximize the network net benefit in response to the parking charges and parking supply, whereas the lower level is a time-dependent network equilibrium problem with elastic demand. A descent-gradient-based solution algorithm is adapted to solve the model. The numerical results show that the implementation of time-varying parking charges and parking supply is useful to effectively cater to the time-varying demand with different parking needs. The model provides a powerful tool for strategically designing parking locations and evaluating various parking policies.
