为了宏观掌握智慧果园在国内外的研究动态、前沿和热点,更好地推动智慧果园乃至智慧农业的发展,该研究采用文献计量分析方法,以Web of science核心论文集为检索平台分析了智慧果园2002年1月1日—2022年8月累计20年的时空分布、主要研究...为了宏观掌握智慧果园在国内外的研究动态、前沿和热点,更好地推动智慧果园乃至智慧农业的发展,该研究采用文献计量分析方法,以Web of science核心论文集为检索平台分析了智慧果园2002年1月1日—2022年8月累计20年的时空分布、主要研究内容以及前沿热点。主要结论如下:智慧果园的研究自2014年起步入正轨,2018年起在人工智能技术推动下发展迅猛,2018-2021年总发文量占比37.5%;总体而言,作者(Lan Yubin、Chen Chao、Tang Yu等)、机构(华南农业大学、中国农业大学和佛罗里达大学等)、地域(中国、美国、西班牙等国)交流和合作均较为密切;中国、美国是开展智慧果园研究的主要国家,总发文量共占比58.2%;当前主要研究集中在果树长势和病虫害识别和预警、无人化或智能化农机作业。根据研究目的细分的技术主要包含人工智能模型/算法、传感、物联和精准农业等。自2007年以来,研究热点由柑橘病害、产量预估等对象研究逐步过渡到技术研究上,深度学习、无人机、人工智能的研究是当今智慧果园的发展前沿。智慧果园研究深受技术推动尤其在当前人工智能技术背景下方兴未艾,而当前的环境复杂度高、种植欠规范等问题依旧制约着其进一步发展。星-空-地立体化果园感知、空-地协同无人化精准作业、水果采摘、果品的可视化溯源等方面将是未来智慧果园主要研究方向。展开更多
Ruminants comprise a highly successful group of mammals with striking morphological innovations,including the presence of a rumen.Many studies have shown that species-specific or lineage-specific genes(referred to as ...Ruminants comprise a highly successful group of mammals with striking morphological innovations,including the presence of a rumen.Many studies have shown that species-specific or lineage-specific genes(referred to as new genes)play important roles in phenotypic evolution.In this study,we identified 1064 ruminant-specific genes based on the newly assembled high-quality genomes of representative members of two ruminant families and other publically available high-quality genomes.Ruminantspecific genes shared similar evolutionary and expression patterns with new genes found in other mammals,such as primates and rodents.Most new genes were derived from gene duplication and tended to be expressed in the testes or immune-related tissues,but were depleted in the adult brain.We also found that most genes expressed in the rumen were genes predating sheep–sperm whale split(referred to as old genes),but some new genes were also involved in the evolution of the rumen,and contributed more during rumen development than in the adult rumen.Notably,expression levels of members of the ruminant-specific PRD-SPRRII gene family,which are subject to positive selection,varied throughout rumen development and may thus play important roles in the development of the keratin-rich surface of the rumen.Overall,this study generated two novel ruminant genomes and also provided novel insights into the evolution of new mammalian organs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030016)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JQ-149)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Evolution(GREKF19-11)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University to Zeshan Linthe Shaanxi Program for Support of Topnotch Young Professionals to Lei Chen。
文摘Ruminants comprise a highly successful group of mammals with striking morphological innovations,including the presence of a rumen.Many studies have shown that species-specific or lineage-specific genes(referred to as new genes)play important roles in phenotypic evolution.In this study,we identified 1064 ruminant-specific genes based on the newly assembled high-quality genomes of representative members of two ruminant families and other publically available high-quality genomes.Ruminantspecific genes shared similar evolutionary and expression patterns with new genes found in other mammals,such as primates and rodents.Most new genes were derived from gene duplication and tended to be expressed in the testes or immune-related tissues,but were depleted in the adult brain.We also found that most genes expressed in the rumen were genes predating sheep–sperm whale split(referred to as old genes),but some new genes were also involved in the evolution of the rumen,and contributed more during rumen development than in the adult rumen.Notably,expression levels of members of the ruminant-specific PRD-SPRRII gene family,which are subject to positive selection,varied throughout rumen development and may thus play important roles in the development of the keratin-rich surface of the rumen.Overall,this study generated two novel ruminant genomes and also provided novel insights into the evolution of new mammalian organs.
