Microcystis blooms are an environmental and ecological concern that has received a serious attention. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is an environment-friendly cyanocide that is commonly used to control Microcystis blooms....Microcystis blooms are an environmental and ecological concern that has received a serious attention. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is an environment-friendly cyanocide that is commonly used to control Microcystis blooms. While the ecological safety of H_2O_2 has been previously studied, its influence on bacterioplankton has not been investigated to date. In this study, we used mesocosm experiments to determine the influence of H_2O_2 on the dynamic changes of the community structure of bacterioplankton. By using deep-sequencing and metagenomics strategy we determined the community structures of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton assemblages that were dominated by M icrocystis at a highly eutrophic Dianchi Lake, China. The results showed that M icrocystis was more sensitive to H_2O_2 than other eukaryotic algae. More interestingly, application of H_2O_2 changed the community structure of bacterioplankton, evidenced by the emergence of F irmicutes as the dominant species in place of B acteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The H_2O_2 treatment resulted in the community of bacterioplankton that was primarily dominated by E xiguobacterium and Planomicrobium. Our results show that the abundance changed and the bacterioplankton diversity did not recover even after the concentration of H_2O_2 reached to the background level. Thus, the response of bacterioplankton must be considered when assessing the ecological risks of using H_2O_2 to control Microcystis blooms, because bacterioplankton is the key player that forms the basis of food web of aquatic environment.展开更多
目的研究破血逐瘀法在减轻超急性脑出血(ICH)血肿消退中的作用及其潜在机制。方法选择2019年8月至2020年2月经CT扫描确认的63例ICH患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=29,常规治疗加安慰剂)和观察组(n=34,常规治疗加破血逐瘀...目的研究破血逐瘀法在减轻超急性脑出血(ICH)血肿消退中的作用及其潜在机制。方法选择2019年8月至2020年2月经CT扫描确认的63例ICH患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=29,常规治疗加安慰剂)和观察组(n=34,常规治疗加破血逐瘀颗粒剂)。观察两组治疗前后神经功能和血肿体积变化。同时构建ICH大鼠模型,观察采用破血逐瘀干预后大鼠的神经行为和血肿体积变化,以及采用Western blot检测干预后第3天血肿周围组织中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、CD11b和CD36表达。结果治疗两周后,两组患者的美国国家卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和血肿体积均降低(均P<0.05),并且观察组的NIHSS评分和血肿体积明显小于对照组(均P<0.05)。此外,观察组治疗前后NIHSS评分和血肿体积的变化明显大于对照组(均P<0.01)。在动物实验中,破血逐瘀组在ICH后14天的血肿体积明显小于ICH组[(9.8±4.9)mm3 vs(17.6±6.4)mm3,P<0.05],并且破血逐瘀组在第7天、第14天的血肿体积减少量显著大于ICH组[(4.6±2.9)mm^(3) vs(-2.1±1.6)mm^(3),(14.3±3.8)mm^(3) vs(4.2±2.8)mm3,均P<0.01]。破血逐瘀组第3、7、14天的右转百分比和第7、14天的改良的神经严重性(mNSS)评分均低于ICH组(均P<0.05)。Western blot分析显示,在ICH后第3天破血逐瘀脑组中CD11b、CD36和PPARγ蛋白相对表达量较ICH组显著增加(CD11b:0.78±0.12 vs 0.49±0.11,P<0.05;CD36:1.16±0.16 vs 0.80±0.11,P<0.05;PPARγ:0.78±0.11 vs 0.37±0.10,P<0.01)。结论破血逐瘀法有效促进超急性ICH患者的血肿消退,并恢复神经功能,其机制可能是通过激活PPARγ和增强对小胶质/巨噬细胞的CD36、CD11b上调来介导的红细胞内源性吞噬作用有关。展开更多
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2013ZX07102005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41561144008)the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(No.2016FBZ07)
文摘Microcystis blooms are an environmental and ecological concern that has received a serious attention. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is an environment-friendly cyanocide that is commonly used to control Microcystis blooms. While the ecological safety of H_2O_2 has been previously studied, its influence on bacterioplankton has not been investigated to date. In this study, we used mesocosm experiments to determine the influence of H_2O_2 on the dynamic changes of the community structure of bacterioplankton. By using deep-sequencing and metagenomics strategy we determined the community structures of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton assemblages that were dominated by M icrocystis at a highly eutrophic Dianchi Lake, China. The results showed that M icrocystis was more sensitive to H_2O_2 than other eukaryotic algae. More interestingly, application of H_2O_2 changed the community structure of bacterioplankton, evidenced by the emergence of F irmicutes as the dominant species in place of B acteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The H_2O_2 treatment resulted in the community of bacterioplankton that was primarily dominated by E xiguobacterium and Planomicrobium. Our results show that the abundance changed and the bacterioplankton diversity did not recover even after the concentration of H_2O_2 reached to the background level. Thus, the response of bacterioplankton must be considered when assessing the ecological risks of using H_2O_2 to control Microcystis blooms, because bacterioplankton is the key player that forms the basis of food web of aquatic environment.
文摘目的研究破血逐瘀法在减轻超急性脑出血(ICH)血肿消退中的作用及其潜在机制。方法选择2019年8月至2020年2月经CT扫描确认的63例ICH患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=29,常规治疗加安慰剂)和观察组(n=34,常规治疗加破血逐瘀颗粒剂)。观察两组治疗前后神经功能和血肿体积变化。同时构建ICH大鼠模型,观察采用破血逐瘀干预后大鼠的神经行为和血肿体积变化,以及采用Western blot检测干预后第3天血肿周围组织中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、CD11b和CD36表达。结果治疗两周后,两组患者的美国国家卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和血肿体积均降低(均P<0.05),并且观察组的NIHSS评分和血肿体积明显小于对照组(均P<0.05)。此外,观察组治疗前后NIHSS评分和血肿体积的变化明显大于对照组(均P<0.01)。在动物实验中,破血逐瘀组在ICH后14天的血肿体积明显小于ICH组[(9.8±4.9)mm3 vs(17.6±6.4)mm3,P<0.05],并且破血逐瘀组在第7天、第14天的血肿体积减少量显著大于ICH组[(4.6±2.9)mm^(3) vs(-2.1±1.6)mm^(3),(14.3±3.8)mm^(3) vs(4.2±2.8)mm3,均P<0.01]。破血逐瘀组第3、7、14天的右转百分比和第7、14天的改良的神经严重性(mNSS)评分均低于ICH组(均P<0.05)。Western blot分析显示,在ICH后第3天破血逐瘀脑组中CD11b、CD36和PPARγ蛋白相对表达量较ICH组显著增加(CD11b:0.78±0.12 vs 0.49±0.11,P<0.05;CD36:1.16±0.16 vs 0.80±0.11,P<0.05;PPARγ:0.78±0.11 vs 0.37±0.10,P<0.01)。结论破血逐瘀法有效促进超急性ICH患者的血肿消退,并恢复神经功能,其机制可能是通过激活PPARγ和增强对小胶质/巨噬细胞的CD36、CD11b上调来介导的红细胞内源性吞噬作用有关。
