新能源电源经柔性直流输电线路接入交流系统已经成为电力系统中的典型场景。以基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)受端交流线路配置的正序电压为极化电压的比相式...新能源电源经柔性直流输电线路接入交流系统已经成为电力系统中的典型场景。以基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)受端交流线路配置的正序电压为极化电压的比相式距离保护为研究对象,结合受端换流器的控制策略,分析了新能源经柔性高压直送出系统中柔直受端交流线路发生短路故障场景下该保护的适应性:在发生相间金属性短路故障情况下,距离保护存在区内短路拒动以及反向区外短路误动的风险。为探究保护不正确动作机制,首先在电压平面上分析了参量变化对距离保护动作行为的影响,揭示了距离保护内在的系统功角与短路容量约束,推导了距离保护正确动作的功角边界。通过将柔直侧系统进行合理等值,受端交流线路发生相间金属性短路故障后,受端换流器控制策略使得系统等值功角增大,距离保护特性位于动作边界,存在拒动/误动风险。利用RTDS建立了风电经柔直送出系统的仿真模型,分析了受端交流线路故障后系统的等值功角特征,验证了距离保护的不正确动作特性。展开更多
大规模风电、光伏新能源经交流送出系统中,送出线路发生故障后,新能源电源控制的故障响应严重影响交流线路距离保护的动作性能。该文分析了新能源电源典型控制策略对故障后电源等值阻抗及系统功角的影响,故障后电源等值阻抗和系统功角...大规模风电、光伏新能源经交流送出系统中,送出线路发生故障后,新能源电源控制的故障响应严重影响交流线路距离保护的动作性能。该文分析了新能源电源典型控制策略对故障后电源等值阻抗及系统功角的影响,故障后电源等值阻抗和系统功角显著增大。进一步研究了不同类型距离保护的动作性能。针对测距式距离保护,揭示了线路正向区外或反向区外发生经过渡电阻故障时保护误动、线路正向区内故障时保护拒动机理。针对比相式距离保护,揭示了正序极化电压相位受控偏移导致线路区内相间短路故障时保护拒动、区外反向故障时保护误动机理。利用实时数字仿真平台(real time digital simulation system,RTDS)建立了仿真模型,利用仿真结果和现场实际误动数据验证了理论分析的正确性,为大规模新能源送出线路故障分析和后备保护配置提供了理论依据。展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identifie...[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identified by using the combination method of traditional isolation and screening,solid culture-medium degradation and animal test.[Result] A strain of non-pathogenic filamentous fungi with high degradation efficiency was obtained,which was preliminarily identified to be a species in Mucoraceae.[Conclusion] The discovery of the strain enriched the family members of keratin-degrading fungus,and provided new germplasm resources for degradation and utilization of animal keratin.展开更多
文摘新能源电源经柔性直流输电线路接入交流系统已经成为电力系统中的典型场景。以基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)受端交流线路配置的正序电压为极化电压的比相式距离保护为研究对象,结合受端换流器的控制策略,分析了新能源经柔性高压直送出系统中柔直受端交流线路发生短路故障场景下该保护的适应性:在发生相间金属性短路故障情况下,距离保护存在区内短路拒动以及反向区外短路误动的风险。为探究保护不正确动作机制,首先在电压平面上分析了参量变化对距离保护动作行为的影响,揭示了距离保护内在的系统功角与短路容量约束,推导了距离保护正确动作的功角边界。通过将柔直侧系统进行合理等值,受端交流线路发生相间金属性短路故障后,受端换流器控制策略使得系统等值功角增大,距离保护特性位于动作边界,存在拒动/误动风险。利用RTDS建立了风电经柔直送出系统的仿真模型,分析了受端交流线路故障后系统的等值功角特征,验证了距离保护的不正确动作特性。
文摘大规模风电、光伏新能源经交流送出系统中,送出线路发生故障后,新能源电源控制的故障响应严重影响交流线路距离保护的动作性能。该文分析了新能源电源典型控制策略对故障后电源等值阻抗及系统功角的影响,故障后电源等值阻抗和系统功角显著增大。进一步研究了不同类型距离保护的动作性能。针对测距式距离保护,揭示了线路正向区外或反向区外发生经过渡电阻故障时保护误动、线路正向区内故障时保护拒动机理。针对比相式距离保护,揭示了正序极化电压相位受控偏移导致线路区内相间短路故障时保护拒动、区外反向故障时保护误动机理。利用实时数字仿真平台(real time digital simulation system,RTDS)建立了仿真模型,利用仿真结果和现场实际误动数据验证了理论分析的正确性,为大规模新能源送出线路故障分析和后备保护配置提供了理论依据。
基金Supported by Technology Major Projects for Cultivation of New Varieties of National Genetically Modified Organism(2008ZX08005-002)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identified by using the combination method of traditional isolation and screening,solid culture-medium degradation and animal test.[Result] A strain of non-pathogenic filamentous fungi with high degradation efficiency was obtained,which was preliminarily identified to be a species in Mucoraceae.[Conclusion] The discovery of the strain enriched the family members of keratin-degrading fungus,and provided new germplasm resources for degradation and utilization of animal keratin.