Stability and diffusion of chromium （Cr） in vanadium （V）, the interaction of Cr with vacancies, and the ideal me- chanical properties of V are investigated by first-principles calculations. A single Cr atom is ene...Stability and diffusion of chromium （Cr） in vanadium （V）, the interaction of Cr with vacancies, and the ideal me- chanical properties of V are investigated by first-principles calculations. A single Cr atom is energetically favored in the substitution site. Vacancy plays a key role in the trapping of Cr in V. A very strong binding exists between a single Cr atom and the vacancy with a binding energy of 5.03 eV. The first-principles computational tensile test （FPCTT） shows that the ideal tensile strength is 19.1 GPa at the strain of 18% along the [100] direction for the ideal V single crystal, while it decreases to 16.4 GPa at a strain of 12% when one impurity Cr atom is introduced in a 128-atom V supercell. For shear deformation along the most preferable { 110} （111） slip system in V, we found that one substitutional Cr atom can decrease the cleavage energy （7cl） and simultaneously increase the unstable stacking fault energy （]＇us） in comparison with the ideal V case. The reduced ratio of ]＇cl/]＇us in comparison with pure V suggests that the presence of Cr can decrease the ductility of V.展开更多
The diffusion behaviours of hydrogen （H）, deuterium （D）, and tritium （T） from W（110） surface into bulk and in bulk W are investigated using first-principles calculations combined with simplified models. The di...The diffusion behaviours of hydrogen （H）, deuterium （D）, and tritium （T） from W（110） surface into bulk and in bulk W are investigated using first-principles calculations combined with simplified models. The diffusion energy barrier is shown to be 1.87 eV from W（110） surface to the subsurface, along with a much reduced barrier of 0.06 eV for the reverse diffusion process. After H enters into the bulk, its diffusion energy barrier with quantum correction is 0.19 eV. In terms of the diffusion theory presented by Wert and Zener, the diffusion pre-exponential factor of H is calculated to be 1.57×10-7 m2.s-1, and it is quantitatively in agreement with the experimental value of 4.1×10-7 m2.s-1. Subsequently, according to mass dependence （√1/m） of H isotope effect, the diffusion pre-exponential factors of D and T are estimated to be 1.11×10-7 m2.s-1 and 0.91×10-7 m2.s-1, respectively.展开更多
Employing the ab initio total energy method based on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation, we have systematically investigated the theoretical mechanical properties of copper （Cu...Employing the ab initio total energy method based on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation, we have systematically investigated the theoretical mechanical properties of copper （Cu）. The theoretical tensile strengths are calculated to be 25.3 GPa, 5.9 GPa, and 37.6 GPa for the fcc Cu single crystal in the [001], [110], and [111] directions, respectively. Among the three directions, the [110] direction is the weakest one due to the occurrence of structure transition at the lower strain and the weakest interaction of atoms between the （110） planes, while the [111] direction is the strongest direction because of the strongest interaction of atoms between the （111） planes. In terms of the elastic constants of Cu single crystal, we also estimate some mechanical quantities of polycrystalline Cu, including bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young＇s modulus Ep, and Poisson＇s ratio ~.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51061130558)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant No.ZR2011AM014)
文摘Stability and diffusion of chromium （Cr） in vanadium （V）, the interaction of Cr with vacancies, and the ideal me- chanical properties of V are investigated by first-principles calculations. A single Cr atom is energetically favored in the substitution site. Vacancy plays a key role in the trapping of Cr in V. A very strong binding exists between a single Cr atom and the vacancy with a binding energy of 5.03 eV. The first-principles computational tensile test （FPCTT） shows that the ideal tensile strength is 19.1 GPa at the strain of 18% along the [100] direction for the ideal V single crystal, while it decreases to 16.4 GPa at a strain of 12% when one impurity Cr atom is introduced in a 128-atom V supercell. For shear deformation along the most preferable { 110} （111） slip system in V, we found that one substitutional Cr atom can decrease the cleavage energy （7cl） and simultaneously increase the unstable stacking fault energy （]＇us） in comparison with the ideal V case. The reduced ratio of ]＇cl/]＇us in comparison with pure V suggests that the presence of Cr can decrease the ductility of V.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51101135)
文摘The diffusion behaviours of hydrogen （H）, deuterium （D）, and tritium （T） from W（110） surface into bulk and in bulk W are investigated using first-principles calculations combined with simplified models. The diffusion energy barrier is shown to be 1.87 eV from W（110） surface to the subsurface, along with a much reduced barrier of 0.06 eV for the reverse diffusion process. After H enters into the bulk, its diffusion energy barrier with quantum correction is 0.19 eV. In terms of the diffusion theory presented by Wert and Zener, the diffusion pre-exponential factor of H is calculated to be 1.57×10-7 m2.s-1, and it is quantitatively in agreement with the experimental value of 4.1×10-7 m2.s-1. Subsequently, according to mass dependence （√1/m） of H isotope effect, the diffusion pre-exponential factors of D and T are estimated to be 1.11×10-7 m2.s-1 and 0.91×10-7 m2.s-1, respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51101135)
文摘Employing the ab initio total energy method based on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation, we have systematically investigated the theoretical mechanical properties of copper （Cu）. The theoretical tensile strengths are calculated to be 25.3 GPa, 5.9 GPa, and 37.6 GPa for the fcc Cu single crystal in the [001], [110], and [111] directions, respectively. Among the three directions, the [110] direction is the weakest one due to the occurrence of structure transition at the lower strain and the weakest interaction of atoms between the （110） planes, while the [111] direction is the strongest direction because of the strongest interaction of atoms between the （111） planes. In terms of the elastic constants of Cu single crystal, we also estimate some mechanical quantities of polycrystalline Cu, including bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young＇s modulus Ep, and Poisson＇s ratio ~.
