工业废碱处理及再利用研究进展

系统介绍了工业废碱的来源、组成、处理技术及再利用途径。重点分析了中和法、沉淀法、萃取法、膜分离法、高级氧化法、生物法等处理技术的特点,总结了碱液循环再利用、酸碱再生、回收钠盐等再利用途径,并对废碱的处理及再利用提出了建议。

杂质硅对锌酸钠溶液结晶过程的影响机理研究

研究了杂质硅对锌酸钠溶液结晶过程的影响规律,通过结晶物相和热力学研究了杂质硅对锌酸钠溶液结构的影响.通过分析锌酸钠溶液的分解行为,考察了杂质硅浓度、晶种和温度等参数对锌酸钠溶液结晶过程的影响规律.结果表明,存在一个临界硅浓度,当硅浓度高于临界硅浓度时,杂质硅抑制结晶过程的进行;当硅浓度低于临界硅浓度时,杂质硅促进结晶过程的进行.以氧化锌作为晶种时,35,50和60℃时临界硅浓度分别为0.20~0.40,0.054~0.20和0~0.054 g/L.以氢氧化锌作为晶种时,35℃时临界硅浓度为0.20~0.40 g/L.临界硅浓度随温度的升高而降低.硅浓度低时,物相为多面体形的ε-Zn(OH)_(2);硅浓度高时,物相为纳米棒和长方体形的γ-Zn(OH)_(2),提高温度可以抑制γ-Zn(OH)_(2)的生成.硅杂质的存在可能促使锌酸钠溶液的结构发生了重构,使锌酸钠溶液中锌元素以Zn(OH)+的形式存在,升高温度则可减弱杂质硅的影响.

低温烟气余热驱动ORC发电系统经济性分析

考虑到低温烟气余热利用中烟气腐蚀对经济性的影响,本文以国内某建筑陶瓷生产企业为对象,建立烟气余热驱动ORC发电系统,分析排烟温度、电价和停产时间对系统经济性的影响。结果表明,设备费用在全生命周期成本中占比超过37%,随着排烟温度下降,设备和维护费用迅速增加;排烟温度为110℃时,发电功率达到最大值1107.33 kW,但经济性最差;排烟温度为130℃时,获得最大净现值669.6万元;排烟温度为150℃时,获得最小回收期8.3年;可接受的最低电价为0.45元/(kWh),可根据电价设计排烟温度;停产时间是影响装机容量的关键因素。

Reactive Crystallization of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate from Acidic Wastewater and Lime

The present work focused on the recycle of the sulfate and the metal ions from acidic wastewater discharged by nonferrous metallurgical industry. The effects of the temperature, the reactant concentration, the stirring speed and the metal ions on the reactive crystallization process of calcium sulfate between sulfuric acid and lime were systematically investigated. The morphology of the precipitated crystals evolved from platelet-like and needle-like shape to rod-like shape when the temperature was increased from 25 to 70 °C. An increase in the agglomeration of calcium sulfate was found with increasing lime concentration. Metal ions markedly retard the rate of crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate. The crystallization of gypsum was slowed with the existence of Mg2+in the solution, and the morphology of gypsum was transformed from platelet-like shape to rod-like shape when Mg2+ concentration reached 0.08 mol·L 1. The amorphous ferric hydroxide was coated on the calcium sulfate after the co-precipitation process while Zn2+and Al3+ions in the solution enhanced the agglomeration of the calcium sulfate by absorbing on the surface of the crystals. Comprehensive acidic wastewater containing heavy metals was efficiently purified by the two stage lime neutralization technology, and highly agglomerated gypsum precipitates with needle-like shape were obtained. The precipitates could be purified by sulfuric acid washing, and the metal ions were effectively separated from the calcium sulfate by-products.

石膏基复合相变储能材料的研究进展

建筑能耗、工业能耗和交通能耗是能源消耗的主要方式。其中,建筑能耗约占能源消耗的40%,建筑能耗的持续上升会增加碳排放和加速化石能源的消耗,因此,如何提升建筑材料的保温节能性能逐渐成为建筑材料领域的研究热点。储热技术不仅可以降低建筑能耗,还可以减少环境污染。相变储能材料具有优异的储放热能力,是实现热能储存以及温度控制的重要技术手段,在建筑节能领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文主要综述了石膏基相变储能材料的研究进展;根据石膏基相变材料的不同,分析归纳了石膏基有机相变材料和石膏基复合相变材料;介绍了浸渍法、多孔材料吸附法、微胶囊法等制备石膏基复合相变储能材料的方法和机理及影响石膏基相变储能材料的因素;展望了石膏基相变储能材料的研究方向。

热酸浸出回收黄钾铁矾渣中有价元素

实验研究了硫酸和盐酸对黄钾铁矾渣中Fe,Si,Zn,Pb的浸出工艺.结果表明,硫酸浸出黄钾铁矾渣的最佳工艺条件是反应温度95℃、反应时间2 h、搅拌速率300 r/min、硫酸浓度1.2 mol/L、液固质量比100:5,该条件下Fe,Zn的浸出率达80%.盐酸浸出黄钾铁矾渣的最佳工艺条件是反应温度95℃、盐酸浓度2.8 mol/L、搅拌速率400 r/min、反应时间1.5 h、液固质量比100:5,该条件下Fe,Zn,Pb的浸出率分别达83%,89%和99%.采用黄钾铁矾法可将浸出液中的Fe元素沉淀,所得黄钾铁矾渣进行无害化固定处理,得富含Zn元素的溶液.