用雷达等观测资料以及LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)中尺度再分析场资料,对2009年6月14日在河南、安徽等地引发冰雹大风天气的两个强对流系统的形成演变过程中的对流云合并现象进行观测分析。研究表明,不论是单体间的合...用雷达等观测资料以及LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)中尺度再分析场资料,对2009年6月14日在河南、安徽等地引发冰雹大风天气的两个强对流系统的形成演变过程中的对流云合并现象进行观测分析。研究表明,不论是单体间的合并还是对流系统间的合并,合并后单体或对流系统都有显著的增强,并且和强对流天气的发生关系密切。安徽整个对流系统的形成经历了"小单体—大单体或积云团—小的对流系统—大的对流系统"多阶段的合并过程,强对流天气发生和对流系统的阵风锋有关,合并过程中阵风锋达到最强;对流单体的合并和低层气流的相互作用有关,是单体自身的出入流和环境引导风共同作用的结果。LAPS中尺度再分析场资料的结果说明层结不稳定、中尺度辐合和垂直风切变是这次强对流系统形成和对流云合并的重要条件。展开更多
2013年8月29日9月11日,重庆各地出现不同程度的连续降水天气,持续6 14天,降水日数多、日雨量大,连阴雨期间重庆出现两次区域性暴雨天气过程,为较严重连阴雨天气。利用NCEP 1°×1°的再分析资料及重庆地区逐日、逐时降水资...2013年8月29日9月11日,重庆各地出现不同程度的连续降水天气,持续6 14天,降水日数多、日雨量大,连阴雨期间重庆出现两次区域性暴雨天气过程,为较严重连阴雨天气。利用NCEP 1°×1°的再分析资料及重庆地区逐日、逐时降水资料及雷达回波资料,对连阴雨天气期间两次暴雨过程进行对比分析。结果表明:此次连阴雨过程中欧亚地区中高纬500 h Pa呈"两脊一槽"型,连阴雨过程中两次暴雨过程的500 h Pa中高纬形势有所不同,但影响系统均为短波槽;两次过程都存在强大的水汽输送带,因副热带高压位置不同,暴雨区水汽来源也不同,一次来源于南海,一次来源于南海与孟加拉湾。近地层弱冷空气及中层暖湿气流的持续影响使连阴雨天气得以维持,两次暴雨过程产生前或产生时都伴有低层冷空气和中层暖湿气流的加强。由于"9·10"暴雨过程在暴雨区附近有明显的θse锋区,而"9·2"暴雨却不存在θse锋区,因此连阴雨过程中两次暴雨的降水性质不同。在对流并不特别强的暴雨过程中,雷达资料对影响系统强度的判断同样有指导意义。展开更多
The mobile incoherent Doppler lidar （MIDL）, which was jointly developed by State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather （LaSW） of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences （CAMS） and Ocean University of China, pr...The mobile incoherent Doppler lidar （MIDL）, which was jointly developed by State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather （LaSW） of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences （CAMS） and Ocean University of China, provided meteorological services during the Olympic sailing events in Qingdao in 2008. In this study, two experiments were performed based on these measurements. First, the capabilities of MIDL detection of sea-surface winds were investigated by comparing its radial velocities with those from a sea buoy. MIDL radial velocity was almost consistent with sea-buoy data; both reflected the changes in wind with time. However, the MIDL data was 0.5 m s-1 lower on average than the sea-buoy data due to differences in detection principle, sample volume, sample interval, spatial and temporal resolution. Second, the wind fields during the Olympic sailing events were calculated using a four-dimensional variation data assimilation （4DVAR） algorithm and were evaluated by comparing them with data from a sea buoy. The results show that the calculations made with the 4DVAR wind retrieval method are able to simulate the fine retrieval of sea-surface wind data--the retrieved wind fields were consistent with those of sea-buoy data. Overall, the correlation coefficient of wind direction was 0.93, and the correlation coefficient of wind speed was 0.70. The distribution of retrieval wind fields was consistent with that of MIDL radial velocity; the root-mean-square error between them had an average of only 1.52 m s-1^.展开更多
A long-lived and loosely organized squall line moved rapidly across U¨ru¨mqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China on 26 June 2005, generating hail and strong winds. The squall line ...A long-lived and loosely organized squall line moved rapidly across U¨ru¨mqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China on 26 June 2005, generating hail and strong winds. The squall line was observed by a dual Doppler radar system in a field experiment conducted in 2004 and 2005 by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and the local meteorological bureau in northwestern China. The 3D wind fields within the squall line were retrieved through dual Doppler analyses and a variational Doppler radar analysis system （VDRAS）. The formation and structure of the squall line as well as the genesis and evolution of embedded convective cells were investigated. During its life period, the squall line consisted of six storm cells extending about 100 km in length, and produced hail of about 25 mm in diameter and strong surface winds up to 11 m s^-1. Radar observations revealed a broad region of stratiform rain in a meso-β cyclone, with the squall line located to the west of this. Two meso-γ scale vortices were found within the squall line. Compared to typical squall lines in moist regions, such as Guangdong Province and Shanghai, which tend to be around 300–400 km in length, have echo tops of 17–19 km, and produce maximum surface winds of about 25 m s^-1 and temperature variations of about 8-C this squall line system had weaker maximum reflectivity （55 dBZ）, a lower echo top （13 km） and smaller extension （about 100 km）, relatively little stratiform rainfall preceding the convective line, and a similar moving speed and temperature variation at the surface.展开更多
利用重庆地区2007年到2016年的ADTD(Advanced Direction Time of arrival Detection)地闪资料,选取200个典型闪电事件,对不同时间段(10,min、30,min、1,h、3,h、6,h、12,h和24,h)的0.125°×0.125°经纬度格点上的地闪频次...利用重庆地区2007年到2016年的ADTD(Advanced Direction Time of arrival Detection)地闪资料,选取200个典型闪电事件,对不同时间段(10,min、30,min、1,h、3,h、6,h、12,h和24,h)的0.125°×0.125°经纬度格点上的地闪频次分布及百分位频次进行统计,基于模糊逻辑技术建立了闪电事件分级技术.结果表明:不同强闪电事件的地闪时空分布有较大差异;利用综合隶属度对闪电事件进行分级,能够较全面地反映闪电的局地强度、持续时间和发生范围.项目开展的不同时间段格点地闪频次百分位统计,已用于重庆市气象台"重庆智能天气预警预报服务能力建设(一期)"项目建成的百度深度学习平台中的格点化闪电训练集标识.展开更多
文摘用雷达等观测资料以及LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)中尺度再分析场资料,对2009年6月14日在河南、安徽等地引发冰雹大风天气的两个强对流系统的形成演变过程中的对流云合并现象进行观测分析。研究表明,不论是单体间的合并还是对流系统间的合并,合并后单体或对流系统都有显著的增强,并且和强对流天气的发生关系密切。安徽整个对流系统的形成经历了"小单体—大单体或积云团—小的对流系统—大的对流系统"多阶段的合并过程,强对流天气发生和对流系统的阵风锋有关,合并过程中阵风锋达到最强;对流单体的合并和低层气流的相互作用有关,是单体自身的出入流和环境引导风共同作用的结果。LAPS中尺度再分析场资料的结果说明层结不稳定、中尺度辐合和垂直风切变是这次强对流系统形成和对流云合并的重要条件。
文摘2013年8月29日9月11日,重庆各地出现不同程度的连续降水天气,持续6 14天,降水日数多、日雨量大,连阴雨期间重庆出现两次区域性暴雨天气过程,为较严重连阴雨天气。利用NCEP 1°×1°的再分析资料及重庆地区逐日、逐时降水资料及雷达回波资料,对连阴雨天气期间两次暴雨过程进行对比分析。结果表明:此次连阴雨过程中欧亚地区中高纬500 h Pa呈"两脊一槽"型,连阴雨过程中两次暴雨过程的500 h Pa中高纬形势有所不同,但影响系统均为短波槽;两次过程都存在强大的水汽输送带,因副热带高压位置不同,暴雨区水汽来源也不同,一次来源于南海,一次来源于南海与孟加拉湾。近地层弱冷空气及中层暖湿气流的持续影响使连阴雨天气得以维持,两次暴雨过程产生前或产生时都伴有低层冷空气和中层暖湿气流的加强。由于"9·10"暴雨过程在暴雨区附近有明显的θse锋区,而"9·2"暴雨却不存在θse锋区,因此连阴雨过程中两次暴雨的降水性质不同。在对流并不特别强的暴雨过程中,雷达资料对影响系统强度的判断同样有指导意义。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40975014 and 40975013)
文摘The mobile incoherent Doppler lidar （MIDL）, which was jointly developed by State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather （LaSW） of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences （CAMS） and Ocean University of China, provided meteorological services during the Olympic sailing events in Qingdao in 2008. In this study, two experiments were performed based on these measurements. First, the capabilities of MIDL detection of sea-surface winds were investigated by comparing its radial velocities with those from a sea buoy. MIDL radial velocity was almost consistent with sea-buoy data; both reflected the changes in wind with time. However, the MIDL data was 0.5 m s-1 lower on average than the sea-buoy data due to differences in detection principle, sample volume, sample interval, spatial and temporal resolution. Second, the wind fields during the Olympic sailing events were calculated using a four-dimensional variation data assimilation （4DVAR） algorithm and were evaluated by comparing them with data from a sea buoy. The results show that the calculations made with the 4DVAR wind retrieval method are able to simulate the fine retrieval of sea-surface wind data--the retrieved wind fields were consistent with those of sea-buoy data. Overall, the correlation coefficient of wind direction was 0.93, and the correlation coefficient of wind speed was 0.70. The distribution of retrieval wind fields was consistent with that of MIDL radial velocity; the root-mean-square error between them had an average of only 1.52 m s-1^.
基金funded by the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40375008)
文摘A long-lived and loosely organized squall line moved rapidly across U¨ru¨mqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China on 26 June 2005, generating hail and strong winds. The squall line was observed by a dual Doppler radar system in a field experiment conducted in 2004 and 2005 by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and the local meteorological bureau in northwestern China. The 3D wind fields within the squall line were retrieved through dual Doppler analyses and a variational Doppler radar analysis system （VDRAS）. The formation and structure of the squall line as well as the genesis and evolution of embedded convective cells were investigated. During its life period, the squall line consisted of six storm cells extending about 100 km in length, and produced hail of about 25 mm in diameter and strong surface winds up to 11 m s^-1. Radar observations revealed a broad region of stratiform rain in a meso-β cyclone, with the squall line located to the west of this. Two meso-γ scale vortices were found within the squall line. Compared to typical squall lines in moist regions, such as Guangdong Province and Shanghai, which tend to be around 300–400 km in length, have echo tops of 17–19 km, and produce maximum surface winds of about 25 m s^-1 and temperature variations of about 8-C this squall line system had weaker maximum reflectivity （55 dBZ）, a lower echo top （13 km） and smaller extension （about 100 km）, relatively little stratiform rainfall preceding the convective line, and a similar moving speed and temperature variation at the surface.
文摘利用重庆地区2007年到2016年的ADTD(Advanced Direction Time of arrival Detection)地闪资料,选取200个典型闪电事件,对不同时间段(10,min、30,min、1,h、3,h、6,h、12,h和24,h)的0.125°×0.125°经纬度格点上的地闪频次分布及百分位频次进行统计,基于模糊逻辑技术建立了闪电事件分级技术.结果表明:不同强闪电事件的地闪时空分布有较大差异;利用综合隶属度对闪电事件进行分级,能够较全面地反映闪电的局地强度、持续时间和发生范围.项目开展的不同时间段格点地闪频次百分位统计,已用于重庆市气象台"重庆智能天气预警预报服务能力建设(一期)"项目建成的百度深度学习平台中的格点化闪电训练集标识.
