颞骨立体解剖图谱的研制和应用

目的 综合颞骨连续切片、计算机三维重建技术和体视学研制颞骨系列立体解剖图谱。方法 制作 5 0套带参照点的颞骨连续切片 ,应用计算机三维重建技术恢复颞骨内系列结构的三维形态 ,配合体视镜制作系列颞骨结构立体图谱。结果 共进行针对骨迷路、膜迷路、听骨链、耳内肌、面神经、圆窗龛和膜、后壶腹神经、内淋巴囊、前庭水管、耳蜗导水管、前庭蜗神经的三维重建 4 8例次 ,选取最佳的有代表性的图片制成系列颞骨立体解剖图谱 ,系统显示了上述结构的细微形态和结构间的空间关系 ,应用于颞骨手术指导和颞骨解剖教学。结论 颞骨立体解剖图谱是一种强有力的新型解剖工具 。

连续切片的计算机三维重建及立体视觉

本文利用计算机三维重建技术重建颞骨连续切片,恢复其内结构如迷路、面神经、鼓索神经、听骨链、肌腱等的原有三维形态,通过调色、移去部分结构、旋转使结构间关系更清晰。应用立体镜及立体图对方法产生重建结构的立体影像,强化了对所研究结构的三维形态及其空间关系的理解。结果证明此方法是形态学、体视学、计算机科学综合所形成的一个新的有力的解剖工具。

颞骨立体形态学的研究

目的利用计算机图象技术进行颞骨立体形态学研究，为颞骨的病理学、诊断和手术治疗径路提供形态学依据。方法采用计算机三维重建技术对颞骨连续切片进行处理，获取颞骨内各结构的三维图象，测量其三维参数，并制作颞骨结构的立体图象。结果对颞骨内大部分结构共进行了３７例次重建，获得成套的颞骨结构立体图对及大量的三维参数，可揭示听骨链的力学模式及骨膜迷路的空间关系，完成了面神经、内淋巴囊及后鼓室详尽的三维解剖研究，每一组重建结构均有相应的立体图，使各结构间关系更为明了，根据后壶腹神经的三维解剖研究，进行其手术径路的计算机设计及模拟。结论计算机三维重建技术为颞骨解剖的研究和教学、手术径路的设计和模拟提供了全新的工具，补充和丰富了颞骨病理学的内容。

Stereo morphology of temporal bone and ear

Background The temporal bone has the most complicated anatomic feature among the whole human body, which always challenges otolaryngologists. This study was to study three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the temporal bone and the ear by means of a computer image processing technique, for the purpose of providing a 3D image to help in pathological, diagnostic and surgical procedures Methods Forty sets of temporal bone celloidin serial sections with reference points were prepared and the contours of selected structures and reference points were entered into a graphics programme The technique of computer-aided 3D reconstruction was applied to obtain 3D images and parameters of the temporal bones and the ears Stereo views of the ossicles (n=5), the facial nerves (n=11), the posterior tympanic sinuses (n=11), the posterior ampullary nerves (n=4), the endolymphatic ducts and sacs (n=5), and the bony and membranous labyrinth (n=1) were reconstructed Results Three-dimensional images, including the cochlea, the ossicles, the nerves, the tendons and the endolymphatic fluid system in the temporal bone, were obtained Stereo picture pairs and 3D parameters of spatial dimensions, angle and volume for these reconstructed structures were calculated The arrangement of the ossicles, spatial relationship of the bony and membranous labyrinth, the whole course of the facial nerves, the endolymphatic sac and posterior tympanic cavity were clearly observable Stereo picture pairs made the spatial relationships among the above-mentioned structures much clearer The operation of the posterior ampullary nerve transection was designed and simulated on the graphic computer based on 3D anatomic investigations Conclusion The technique of computer-aided 3D reconstruction provides a new tool to observe the morphology of the temporal bone and thus may allow design and study of new surgical approaches

Computer-assisted three-dimensional anatomic and surgical approach of the posterior ampullary nerve

Objective To establish a method for resuming the three dimensional shape of micro structures in the inner ear and for designing the surgical approach of the posterior ampullary nerve (PAN) assisted by computer. Methods Four normal temporal bones were harvested within 24 hours after death and processed according to the traditional celloidin sectioning protocol. With the reference points to determine accurate orientation, the structural contours of each serial section were entered into an imaging computer via a digitizer. The data files were generated by a reconstruction software to display 3 D images of the structures on the computer monitor. The measuring software written by authors was adapted to obtain 3 D parameters and carry out surgical approach calculation and simulation of the PAN transection on the imaging computer. Results The lifelike 3 D images of the PAN and its neighboring structures and many important 3 D anatomic parameters were obtained. The PAN can be Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China (Dai P, Jiang SC, Fang YY and Wang JZ) dissected completely and perfectly without damaging itself and its neighboring structures. For the exposure of the round window membrane (RWM), the postero superior bony edge of the round window niche (RWN) was partially removed with a diamond bur. The limit in removing bony tissue of the RWN which suggested by the measuring results should be 1 mm superiorly and 2 mm posteriorly, otherwise the RWM might be damaged. A mathematical method which has the mid point of inferior margin of the round window membrane as the reference point to find the PAN was built up. The 3 D surgical simulation of the PAN transection can be played step by step on the monitor. Conclusions The technique of computer aided 3 D reconstruction which was introduced into the process of the micro surgery's study and design, provides abundant anatomic knowledge and useful information for the PAN transection. In the near future, the technique of the computer assisted surgery will be developed consummately and most operations will be performed more effectively and safely.