横肋管中的流动阻力

以三种不同直径的铜管和有机玻璃管构成实验管路系统,研究了横肋管中空气流动阻力特性。在峰高为(0.01～0.11)d,间距为(7～40)d,Re=400～100000范围内,试验提供了从层流到湍流范围内完整的阻力系数曲线。从阻力形成机理,分析了横肋的峰高k,间距s,厚度w等因素对阻力系数的影响。并得到了简明的数据关联式f_r/f_s=1+128(k/d)^(1.36)(s/k)^(-0.41)Re^(0.25) 式中f_r为横肋管阻力系数;f_s为光滑管阻力系数;d为管径。

激光诱发荧光漂白测速技术的发展与应用(特邀)

微纳尺度流动现象广泛存在于生命科学、界面科学、微纳芯片技术以及材料科学等领域,微纳流体测速技术是研究微纳尺度流动现象及其应用的基础。本文首先介绍了几种主要的微流体测速技术,包括显微粒子图像速度计、粒子追踪速度计、分子标记速度计、光学相干层析技术、磁共振成像测速技术等。然后,详细介绍一种新型的光学微纳流体速度测量技术——激光诱发荧光漂白测速技术,该技术同时具有非侵入性、远场测速、纳米级高时空分辨率等优点,适应目前微纳流控实际研究中对高时间分辨率和高空间分辨率的迫切需求;重点介绍了基于该技术所取得的一些研究成果,包括对微流体电动力湍流和非线性交流电渗流等非稳态、非线性流动等现象和规律的最新研究成果。最后,对该技术进一步的发展进行了展望。

人工糙管中流动状态转变

以压降法、压力脉动法、速度脉动法测定了横肋管中的临界雷诺数Re_C。当峰高k/d为0.01～0.06,间距s/k为7～40时,其值为850～2100。在流动稳定性理论的基础上探讨了峰高、间距及初始扰动等因素对Re_C的影响。

人工糙管中湍流运动特性的研究——Ⅰ.时均速度分布与脉动速度

以热线风速仪测定了横肋管中时均速度、脉动速度的均方根值。横肋管的几何参数:峰高0.01～0.04,间距10～40,Re=20000～70000。实验结果给出时均速度沿径向、轴向分布,脉动强度沿径向分布,同时获得湍流能谱。分析了粗糙对这些量的影响,粗糙可使湍流强度增大40～50%,而湍流尺度则有所减小,速度分布u^+服从对数律, u^+=2.5lny^++B B值随峰高变化(式中y^+为无因次距离;B为常数)。

Reversal current observed in micro-and submicro-channel flow under non-continuous DC electric field

In practical applications of biochips and bio-sensors, electrokinetic mechanisms are commonly employed to manipulate and analyze the characteristics of single bio-molecules. To accurately and flexibly control the movement of single molecule within micro-/submicro-fluidic channels, the characteristics of current signals at the initial stage of the flow are systematically studied based on a three-electrode system. The current response of micro-/submicro-fluidic channels filled with different electrolyte solutions in non-continuous external electric field are investigated. It is found, there always exists a current reversal phenomenon, which is an inherent property of the current signals in micro/submicro-fluidics Each solution has an individual critical voltage under which the steady current value is equal to zero The interaction between the steady current and external applied voltage follows an exponential function. All these results can be attributed to the overpotentials of the electric double layer on the electrodes. These results are helpful for the design and fabrication of functional micro/nano-scale fluidic sensors and biochips.

Influence of fluorescence time characteristics on the spatial resolution of CW-stimulated emission depletion microscopy

As one of the most important realizations of stimulated emission depletion （STED） microscopy, the continuous- wave （CW） STED system, constructed by using CW lasers as the excitation and STED beams, has been investigated and developed for nearly a decade. However, a theoretical model of the suppression factors in CW STED has not been well established. In this investigation, the factors that affect the spatial resolution of a CW STED system are theoretically and numerically studied. The full-width-at-half-maximum （FWHM） of a CW STED with a doughnut-shaped STED beam is also reanalyzed. It is found that the suppression function is dominated by the ratio of the local STED and excitation beam intensities. In addition, the FWHM is highly sensitive to both the fluorescence rate （inverse of fluoresce lifetime） and the quenching rate, but insensitive to the rate of vibrational relaxation. For comparison, the suppression function in picosecond STED is only determined by the distribution of the STED beam intensity scaled with the saturation intensity. Our model is highly consistent with published experimental data for evaluating the spatial resolution. This investigation is important in guiding the development of new CW STED systems.

Direct observation of λ-DNA molecule reversal movement within microfluidic channels under electric field with single molecule imaging technique

The electrodynamic characteristics of single DNA molecules moving within micro-/nano-fluidic channels are important in the design of biomedical chips and bimolecular sensors. In this study, the dynamic properties of λ-DNA molecules transferring along the microchannels driven by the external electrickinetic force were systemically investigated with the single molecule fluorescence imaging technique. The experimental results indicated that the velocity of DNA molecules was strictly dependent on the value of the applied electric field and the diameter of the channel. The larger the external electric field, the larger the velocity, and the more significant deformation of DNA molecules. More meaningfully, it was found that the moving directions of DNA molecules had two completely different directions：（i） along the direction of the external electric field, when the electric field intensity was smaller than a certain threshold value;（ii） opposite to the direction of the external electric field, when the electric field intensity was greater than the threshold electric field intensity.The reversal movement of DNA molecules was mainly determined by the competition between the electrophoresis force and the influence of electro-osmosis flow. These new findings will theoretically guide the practical application of fluidic channel sensors and lab-on-chips for precisely manipulating single DNA molecules.