2018~2022年丽江市居民死亡水平性别差异回顾性分析

目的:了解和掌握影响丽江市居民死亡性别差异的情况,提出更具针对性的预防控制措施,为政府制定疾病预防控制策略和有关政策提供科学依据。方法:收集2018~2022年丽江市死亡数据及人口数据,采用Excel、SPSS 21.0分性别计算死亡率、标化死亡率以及构成比等指标,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果:2018~2022年丽江市男性居民年均报告粗死亡率是854.63/10万,女性居民年均报告粗死亡率是667.88/10万,男性年均粗死亡率明显高于女性,死亡率差异有统计学意义(P Objective: To understand and master the gender difference of death among residents in Lijiang, and put forward more targeted prevention and control measures, so as to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate disease prevention and control strategies and related policies. Methods: Data of death and population in Lijiang from 2018 to 2022 were collected, and indicators such as mortality rate, standardized mortality rate and composition ratio were calculated by gender with Excel and SPSS 21.0, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: From 2018 to 2022, the average annual reported crude death rate of male residents in Lijiang City was 854.63/100,000, while that of female residents was 667.88/100,000. The average annual crude death rate of male residents was significantly higher than that of female residents, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The average annual standardized mortality rate of male residents is 922.84/100,000, and that of female residents is 553.90/100,000. The standardized mortality rate of male residents is significantly higher than that of female residents. There is no obvious difference in the age of death between men and women aged 0~29, but the difference gradually increases after 30 years old. The age of death for men aged 30~44 is 4.58% higher than that for women, that for men aged 45~64 is 13.85% higher than that for women, and that for women aged 65 and over is 18.67% higher than that for men. The total death rate of male residents due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, injuries and digestive diseases is 736.29/100,000, while that of female residents is 566.33/100,000. The total death rate of male residents due to five diseases is significantly higher than that of female residents, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The death level of male residents in Lijiang is significantly higher than that of female residents. The death toll of young and middle-aged men is higher than that of women, and the death toll of old men is significantly lower than that of women. The death level due to five diseases of men is also significantly higher than that of women. Men’s health has become a problem that can’t be ignored. Focus on the main reasons that affect the health of male residents in Lijiang and cause premature death, and take targeted prevention and control measures.

影响丽江市人均预期寿命的主要因素探究

目的:了解和掌握影响丽江市人均预期寿命的主要因素,提出针对性的预防控制策略,为制定切合实际的卫生政策提供科学依据。方法:收集2018~2020年丽江市死亡数据及人口数据,采用Excel、SPSS17.0和去死因简略寿命表计算死亡率、构成比以及去死因人均预期寿命增值等指标。结果:2018~2020年丽江市报告年均粗死亡率是743.12/10万。心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤及中毒、消化系统疾病是造成丽江市居民死亡的前五位死亡原因,2018~2020年合计报告死亡8759例、8570例、8299例,报告粗死亡率分别是678.93/10万、662.07/10万、638.43/10万,死亡构成比依次是86.79%、91.74%、87.99%。心脑血管疾病是造成丽江市居民死亡的第一位系统性疾病,2018~2020年报告死亡个案分别为4274例、3887例、4404例,报告粗死亡率分别是331.29/10万、300.29/10万、338.79/10万,死亡构成比依次是42.35%、41.61%、46.69%。2018~2020年丽江市去前五死亡原因人均预期寿命增值合计依次是9.35岁、13.27岁、11.77岁,三年去前五死亡原因人均预期寿命平均增值是11.46岁。心脑血管疾病对人均预期影响最为明显,2018~2020年丽江市去心脑血管疾病人均预期寿命增值依次是4.46岁、6.40岁和6.86岁,呈上升的趋势,三年去心脑血管疾病人均预期寿命平均增值是5.91岁。结论:心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤及中毒、消化系统疾病是影响丽江市居民健康、造成居民早死和影响人均预期寿命的主要原因,预防和控制前五位死亡原因是丽江市当前和近年的工作重点。

丽江市2019年恶性肿瘤死亡状况分析

分析丽江市2019年恶性肿瘤死亡特征,为丽江市癌症早防早治等恶性肿瘤防控措施提供参考。方法 来源于丽江市一区4县肿瘤、死因登记点监测系统恶性肿瘤死亡数据,统计分析使用了中国疾病预防控制中心编制的“死亡数据统计与分析工具”软件和EXCEL分析软件。结果 2019年丽江市共有1348人死于恶性肿瘤,男性死亡917人,女性死亡431人。2019年丽江市前十位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食道癌、结肠直肠和肛门癌、脑及神经系统恶性肿瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、宫颈癌。恶性肿瘤全人群粗死亡率106.07/10万,标化死亡率103.27/10万;男性粗死亡率139/10万是女性69.64/10万的2倍(x2=147.147,p<0.01)存在显著性差异;男性标化死亡率高于女性;城市标化死亡率低于农村。结论 2019年丽江市恶性肿瘤死亡是继心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病后的第3位死因,恶性肿瘤已成为严重威胁丽江市市居民健康的重大公共卫生问题。应针对性加强丽江市恶性肿瘤防治工作和死因肿瘤登记能力。

丽江市近三年居民疾病谱、死因谱变迁研究

进一步了解和掌握丽江市疾病谱、死因谱的变化趋势,研究高原地区对疾病和死亡的影响,针对性的提出疾病预防管理控制策略。方法:丽江市疾病预防控制中心对《中国疾病预防控制信息系统-死因报告信息系统》登记报告的2017-2019年丽江市居民死亡病例进行回顾性统计分析。结果:2017-2019 年云南省丽江市居民年均粗死亡率为772.75/10 万,高于2015年云南省水平(608.92/10万),男性年均标化死亡率为921.51/10万,女性年均标化死亡率为695.81/10万,女性年均标化死亡率低于男性。居民第一类疾病(传染性疾病、母婴疾病、营养缺乏性疾病)、第二类疾病(慢性非传染性疾病)和第三类疾病(伤害)死亡率分别是92.19/10万,614.45/10万和63.54/10万,构成比分别是11.98%,79.77%和8.25%,分性别来看,三大类疾病男性死亡率均高于女性,其中慢性非传染性疾病是主要死亡原因。各年龄组主要死因中,0岁-组首位死因是母婴疾病,15岁-组的首位死因是伤害,45岁-和65岁及以上组的首位死因均是心脑血管疾病,心脑血管疾病是近三年45岁-及以上组的主要死亡原因,提示心脑血管疾病出现年轻化趋势,因此造成的死亡也逐年上升,是慢性非传染疾病防控中的重中之重。结论:近三年丽江市居民的首位死亡原因均为慢性非传染性疾病,因此,加强慢性病防治机构和队伍能力建设,构建慢性病防治结合工作体制,广泛开展健康教育,倡导健康文明的生活方式,控制危险因素,做好重大慢性病的防控工作迫在眉睫。