甲氨蝶呤、硫酸羟氯喹联合塞来昔布治疗对类风湿性关节炎患者免疫功能及骨代谢的影响

目的探究甲氨蝶呤、硫酸羟氯喹联合塞来昔布治疗类风湿性关节炎患者的效果。方法非随机选取2021年1月—2023年10月北京积水潭医院贵州医院收治120例类风湿性关节炎患者为研究对象,按治疗方法分成对照组与研究组,各60例。对照组行甲氨蝶呤、硫酸羟氯喹治疗,研究组行甲氨蝶呤、硫酸羟氯喹联合塞来昔布治疗,对比两组的骨代谢、免疫功能、不良反应发生情况。结果研究组的免疫功能指标和骨代谢水平优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组的不良反应发生率比较(21.67%vs 11.67%),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.500,P>0.05)。结论在采用硫酸羟氯喹、甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿性关节炎患者的前提下,联合应用塞来昔布治疗不但能提高患者的免疫功能,还能调节其骨代谢,具有较高的安全性。

医学统计学中居民健康常用指标

描述疾病的发生不仅需要有绝对数,而且应该有产生相应数据的条件。例如当我们表述一个地区肺结核发病的严重程度时,不仅要有患者人数及死亡人数,且还要知道该地医的人口数。有人说某县肺结核病人只有2000人,死亡才20人,比其它县少得多。这种表述是不完整的。

Moderate-Temperature Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic Systems with Thin-Film InSb Cells

Near-field thermophotovoltaic systems functioning at 400-900 K based on graphene-hexagonal-boron-nitride heterostructures and thin-film InSb p-n junctions are investigated theoretically.The performances of two near-field systems with different emitters are examined carefully.One near-field system consists of a graphene-hexagonalboron-nitride-graphene sandwiched structure as the emitter,while the other system has an emitter made of the double graphene-hexagonal-boron-nitride heterostructure.It is shown that both systems exhibit higher output power density and energy efficiency than the near-field system based on mono graphene-hexagonal-boron-nitride heterostructure.The optimal output power density of the former device can reach 1.3 × 105 W/m2,while the optimal energy efficiency can be as large as 42% of the Carnot efficiency.We analyze the underlying physical mechanisms that lead to the excellent performances of the proposed near-field thermophotovoltaic systems.Our results are valuable toward high-performance moderate temperature thermophotovoltaic systems as appealing thermal-to-electric energy conversion(waste heat harvesting) devices.

Energy cooperation in quantum thermoelectric systems with multiple electric currents

The energy efficiency and output power of a quantum thermoelectric system with multiple electric currents and only one heat current are studied.The system is connected to the hot heat bath(cold bath)through one terminal(multiple terminals).In such configurations,there are multiple thermoelectric effects coexisting in the system.Using the Landauer–Buttiker formalism,we show that the cooperation between the two thermoelectric effects in the three-terminal thermoelectric systems can lead to markedly improved performance of the heat engine.Such improvement also occurs in four-terminal thermoelectric heat engines with three output electric currents.Cooperative effects in these multi-terminal thermoelectric systems can considerably enlarge the physical parameter region that realizes high energy efficiency and output power.For refrigeration,we find that the energy efficiency can also be substantially improved by exploiting the cooperative effects in multi-terminal thermoelectric systems.All these results reveal a useful approach toward high-performance thermoelectric energy conversion in multi-terminal mesoscopic systems.

Coulomb Thermoelectric Drag in Four-Terminal Mesoscopic Quantum Transport

We show that the Coulomb interaction between two circuits separated by an insulating layer leads to unconventional thermoelectric effects,such as the cooling by thermal current effect,the transverse thermoelectric effect and Maxwell’s demon effect.The first refers to cooling in one circuit induced by the thermal current in the other circuit.The middle represents electric power generation in one circuit by the temperature gradient in the other circuit.The physical picture of Coulomb drag between the two circuits is first demonstrated for the case with one quantum dot in each circuit and it is then elaborated for the case with two quantum dots in each circuit.In the latter case,the heat exchange between the two circuits can vanish.Finally,we also show that the Maxwell’s demon effect can be realized in the four-terminal quantum dot thermoelectric system,in which the quantum system absorbs the heat from the high-temperature heat bath and releases the same heat to the low-temperature heat bath without any energy exchange with the two heat baths.Our study reveals the role of Coulomb interaction in non-local four-terminal thermoelectric transport.

从“踞”字看中国古代礼仪文化

在中国古代历史上,“踞”“箕踞”都代表人的一种动作状态。但是,历史上不论是“踞”,还是“箕踞”,都被认为代表轻蔑傲慢不礼貌的态度。本文拟先分析“踞”一字的含义和古代历史上“踞”含义的演变来深刻认识“踞”一字,然后,分析“踞”一字在古人心里代表轻蔑傲慢的原因,最后,运用历史文献中的实例进行佐证。通过对“踞”一字进行分析,我们可以看出其背后蕴含的古代礼仪文化。