The monotypic genus Phycocaris Kemp, 1916, which was established based on material from the Indian Ocean and previously only known from the type localities, Australia and Japan, is now newly recorded from the South Ch...The monotypic genus Phycocaris Kemp, 1916, which was established based on material from the Indian Ocean and previously only known from the type localities, Australia and Japan, is now newly recorded from the South China Sea. A detailed description of Phycocaris simulans Kemp, 1916 based on the specimen collected from Hainan Island is presented. Specific features and the differences between the Indian Ocean and the present material are described.展开更多
The four palaemonoid(sub)families Anchistioididae,Gnathophyllidae,Hymenoceridae,and Pontoniinae are similar in morphology,and all live in marine habitats.Their systematic relationships are controversial.In this study,...The four palaemonoid(sub)families Anchistioididae,Gnathophyllidae,Hymenoceridae,and Pontoniinae are similar in morphology,and all live in marine habitats.Their systematic relationships are controversial.In this study,we used sequences from a mitochondrial ribosomal gene(16S rRNA) and three nuclear genes(H3,NaK,and enolase) to explore the phylogenetic relationships of these four taxa.Our tree based on 43 species belonging to 28 genera shows that Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae are nested within Pontoniinae.This result is consistent with evidence from larval morphology.The defining characteristics of Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae,a vestigial or missing mandibular incisor process and a broadened third maxilliped,can also be found in Pontoniinae;conversely,on the basis of published species descriptions,gnathophyllids and hymenocerids meet most of the defining characteristics of Pontoniinae.The peculiar form of the third maxilliped in gnathophyllids and hymenocerids might be the result of adaptive evolution,as these particular features are also present in pontoniines.According to our phylogenetic tree,Anchistioididae are more remote from Pontoniinae,which is consistent with the distinct morphological differences in the pleopods.The pontoniine genera analyzed(together with Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae) are divided into two clades.The members of Clade I exhibit primordial characteristics similar to those of the Palaemoninae,and might be direct descendants of the ancestor of the Pontoniinae;members of Clade II are more specialized.展开更多
In spring and summer 2011,the macro-and megabenthic fauna in two sections of the East China Sea were investigated using an Agassiz net trawl to detect the seasonal and spatial variations of benthic community character...In spring and summer 2011,the macro-and megabenthic fauna in two sections of the East China Sea were investigated using an Agassiz net trawl to detect the seasonal and spatial variations of benthic community characteristics and the relation to environmental variables.The total number of species increased slightly from spring(131 species)to summer(133)whereas the percentage of Mollusca decreased signifi cantly.The index of relative importance(IRI)indicated that the top fi ve important species changed completely from spring to summer.Species number,abundance and biomass in summer were signifi cantly higher than in spring,but no signifi cant dif ference was observed among areas(coastal,transitional and oceanic areas,divided basically from inshore to of fshore).Species richness(d),diversity(H′)and evenness(J′)showed no signifi cant seasonal or spatial variations.Cluster analysis and n MDS ordination identifi ed three benthic communities from inshore to of fshore,corresponding to the three areas.Analysis of Similarity(ANOSIM)indicated the overall signifi cant dif ference in community structure between seasons and among areas.K-dominance curves revealed the high intrinsic diversity in the off shore area.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the coastal community was positively correlated to total nitrogen and total organic carbon in spring,but negatively in summer;oceanic community was positively correlated to total nitrogen and total organic carbon in both seasons.Species such as Coelorhynchus multispinulosus,Neobythites sivicola,Lepidotrigla alata,Solenocera melantho,Parapenaeus fi ssuroides,Oratosquilla gonypetes and Spiropagurus spiriger occurred exclusively in the of fshore oceanic area and their presence may refl ect the infl uence of the off shore Kuroshio Current.展开更多
基金Supported by the Marine Public Welfare Project of China Program(No.201505004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41506171,41376163)
文摘The monotypic genus Phycocaris Kemp, 1916, which was established based on material from the Indian Ocean and previously only known from the type localities, Australia and Japan, is now newly recorded from the South China Sea. A detailed description of Phycocaris simulans Kemp, 1916 based on the specimen collected from Hainan Island is presented. Specific features and the differences between the Indian Ocean and the present material are described.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376163,30499340)the National Science Council,Taiwan to CHAN Tinyam
文摘The four palaemonoid(sub)families Anchistioididae,Gnathophyllidae,Hymenoceridae,and Pontoniinae are similar in morphology,and all live in marine habitats.Their systematic relationships are controversial.In this study,we used sequences from a mitochondrial ribosomal gene(16S rRNA) and three nuclear genes(H3,NaK,and enolase) to explore the phylogenetic relationships of these four taxa.Our tree based on 43 species belonging to 28 genera shows that Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae are nested within Pontoniinae.This result is consistent with evidence from larval morphology.The defining characteristics of Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae,a vestigial or missing mandibular incisor process and a broadened third maxilliped,can also be found in Pontoniinae;conversely,on the basis of published species descriptions,gnathophyllids and hymenocerids meet most of the defining characteristics of Pontoniinae.The peculiar form of the third maxilliped in gnathophyllids and hymenocerids might be the result of adaptive evolution,as these particular features are also present in pontoniines.According to our phylogenetic tree,Anchistioididae are more remote from Pontoniinae,which is consistent with the distinct morphological differences in the pleopods.The pontoniine genera analyzed(together with Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae) are divided into two clades.The members of Clade I exhibit primordial characteristics similar to those of the Palaemoninae,and might be direct descendants of the ancestor of the Pontoniinae;members of Clade II are more specialized.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020303)the Ocean Public Welfare Scientifi c Research Project,State Oceanic Administration of the PRC(No.201505004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41176133,41406157)
文摘In spring and summer 2011,the macro-and megabenthic fauna in two sections of the East China Sea were investigated using an Agassiz net trawl to detect the seasonal and spatial variations of benthic community characteristics and the relation to environmental variables.The total number of species increased slightly from spring(131 species)to summer(133)whereas the percentage of Mollusca decreased signifi cantly.The index of relative importance(IRI)indicated that the top fi ve important species changed completely from spring to summer.Species number,abundance and biomass in summer were signifi cantly higher than in spring,but no signifi cant dif ference was observed among areas(coastal,transitional and oceanic areas,divided basically from inshore to of fshore).Species richness(d),diversity(H′)and evenness(J′)showed no signifi cant seasonal or spatial variations.Cluster analysis and n MDS ordination identifi ed three benthic communities from inshore to of fshore,corresponding to the three areas.Analysis of Similarity(ANOSIM)indicated the overall signifi cant dif ference in community structure between seasons and among areas.K-dominance curves revealed the high intrinsic diversity in the off shore area.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the coastal community was positively correlated to total nitrogen and total organic carbon in spring,but negatively in summer;oceanic community was positively correlated to total nitrogen and total organic carbon in both seasons.Species such as Coelorhynchus multispinulosus,Neobythites sivicola,Lepidotrigla alata,Solenocera melantho,Parapenaeus fi ssuroides,Oratosquilla gonypetes and Spiropagurus spiriger occurred exclusively in the of fshore oceanic area and their presence may refl ect the infl uence of the off shore Kuroshio Current.
