A 1D radially self-consistent model in helicon plasmas has been established to investigate the influence of radial heat conduction on plasma transport and wave propagation.Two kinds of 1D radial fluid models,with and ...A 1D radially self-consistent model in helicon plasmas has been established to investigate the influence of radial heat conduction on plasma transport and wave propagation.Two kinds of 1D radial fluid models,with and without considering heat conduction,have been developed to couple the 1D plasma-wave interaction model,and self-consistent solutions have been obtained.It is concluded that in the low magnetic field range the radial heat conduction plays a moderate role in the transport of helicon plasmas and the importance depends on the application of the helicon source.It influences the local energy balance leading to enhancement of the electron temperature in the bulk region and a decrease in plasma density.The power deposition in the plasma is mainly balanced by collisional processes and axial diffusion,whereas it is compensated by heat conduction in the bulk region and consumed near the boundary.The role of radial heat conduction in the large magnetic field regime becomes negligible and the two fluid models show consistency.The local power balance,especially near the wall,is improved when conductive heat is taken into account.展开更多
基于激光同时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术,不仅能够实现车辆在未知环境下的实时定位,还能高效地获取环境的三维地理空间信息,近年来受到了无人驾驶领域的广泛关注。在几何结构匮乏的隧道中,仅依赖...基于激光同时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术,不仅能够实现车辆在未知环境下的实时定位,还能高效地获取环境的三维地理空间信息,近年来受到了无人驾驶领域的广泛关注。在几何结构匮乏的隧道中,仅依赖几何信息无法配准点云,因此传统激光SLAM方法难以在隧道中应用。为解决这一问题,本文在LOAM的基础上,提出一种点云强度信息增强的改进激光SLAM技术。首先,改进特征提取方法,提出基于点云柱面投影图的自适应特征提取方法,从单帧点云中提取直线、平面、地面和反射强度特征;其次,针对点云的几何特征配准在隧道中的退化问题,提出一种基于强度特征和强度地图的配准优化方法,自适应提取环境中的强度特征并根据强度特征的配准对车辆位姿进一步修正。试验结果表明,该方法较LOAM和HDL-Graph-SLAM具有更好的稳健性,能够在缺乏几何特征但强度特征丰富的隧道内实现稳定的定位和地图构建,定位精度提升了一个数量级。展开更多
A 2D-3V implicit immersed-finite-element particle-in-cell(IFE-PIC)model is introduced to investigate the radio-frequency(RF)self-bias accelerating system applied in the RF ion thruster.A set of holes in a two-grid sys...A 2D-3V implicit immersed-finite-element particle-in-cell(IFE-PIC)model is introduced to investigate the radio-frequency(RF)self-bias accelerating system applied in the RF ion thruster.A set of holes in a two-grid system with slit apertures is simulated in Cartesian coordinates.The characteristics of the plasma plume,such as the ion density,the neutralization rate and the ion and electron current density were investigated for different RF voltage amplitudes(600-1200V)and frequencies(6-30 MHz).Furthermore,the performance of the thruster was also carefully studied.The simulation results show that a well-focused plasma beam can be formed when the voltage amplitude is larger than 900 V and the frequency exceeds the reciprocal of ion transit time(≥12 MHz)in our simulation cases.The performance of the system can be evidently improved by increasing the voltage amplitude and the frequency,and the losses of the particle and thrust are reduced correspondingly.The bulk region of the plasma beam downstream shows good quasi-neutrality,and the ions are dominant in the peripheral region when a well-focused state is achieved.The high ion density beamlet in the periphery of the ion beam is closer to the axis when the voltage amplitude is increasing,while it is expanded radially when increasing the frequency.Backstream electrons have been observed upstream,and this mainly occurs in the phase in which the electron cannot escape.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51907039)Shenzhen Technology Project(Nos.JCYJ20190806142603534 and ZDSYS201707280904031)+1 种基金ESPEOS project(No.PID2019108034RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion(Spanish National Research Agency)。
文摘A 1D radially self-consistent model in helicon plasmas has been established to investigate the influence of radial heat conduction on plasma transport and wave propagation.Two kinds of 1D radial fluid models,with and without considering heat conduction,have been developed to couple the 1D plasma-wave interaction model,and self-consistent solutions have been obtained.It is concluded that in the low magnetic field range the radial heat conduction plays a moderate role in the transport of helicon plasmas and the importance depends on the application of the helicon source.It influences the local energy balance leading to enhancement of the electron temperature in the bulk region and a decrease in plasma density.The power deposition in the plasma is mainly balanced by collisional processes and axial diffusion,whereas it is compensated by heat conduction in the bulk region and consumed near the boundary.The role of radial heat conduction in the large magnetic field regime becomes negligible and the two fluid models show consistency.The local power balance,especially near the wall,is improved when conductive heat is taken into account.
文摘基于激光同时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术,不仅能够实现车辆在未知环境下的实时定位,还能高效地获取环境的三维地理空间信息,近年来受到了无人驾驶领域的广泛关注。在几何结构匮乏的隧道中,仅依赖几何信息无法配准点云,因此传统激光SLAM方法难以在隧道中应用。为解决这一问题,本文在LOAM的基础上,提出一种点云强度信息增强的改进激光SLAM技术。首先,改进特征提取方法,提出基于点云柱面投影图的自适应特征提取方法,从单帧点云中提取直线、平面、地面和反射强度特征;其次,针对点云的几何特征配准在隧道中的退化问题,提出一种基于强度特征和强度地图的配准优化方法,自适应提取环境中的强度特征并根据强度特征的配准对车辆位姿进一步修正。试验结果表明,该方法较LOAM和HDL-Graph-SLAM具有更好的稳健性,能够在缺乏几何特征但强度特征丰富的隧道内实现稳定的定位和地图构建,定位精度提升了一个数量级。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710977)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51907039)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2022A1515110215 and 2023A1515010137)Shenzhen Technology Projects(Nos.JCYJ20190806142603534 and ZDSYS201707280904031)。
文摘A 2D-3V implicit immersed-finite-element particle-in-cell(IFE-PIC)model is introduced to investigate the radio-frequency(RF)self-bias accelerating system applied in the RF ion thruster.A set of holes in a two-grid system with slit apertures is simulated in Cartesian coordinates.The characteristics of the plasma plume,such as the ion density,the neutralization rate and the ion and electron current density were investigated for different RF voltage amplitudes(600-1200V)and frequencies(6-30 MHz).Furthermore,the performance of the thruster was also carefully studied.The simulation results show that a well-focused plasma beam can be formed when the voltage amplitude is larger than 900 V and the frequency exceeds the reciprocal of ion transit time(≥12 MHz)in our simulation cases.The performance of the system can be evidently improved by increasing the voltage amplitude and the frequency,and the losses of the particle and thrust are reduced correspondingly.The bulk region of the plasma beam downstream shows good quasi-neutrality,and the ions are dominant in the peripheral region when a well-focused state is achieved.The high ion density beamlet in the periphery of the ion beam is closer to the axis when the voltage amplitude is increasing,while it is expanded radially when increasing the frequency.Backstream electrons have been observed upstream,and this mainly occurs in the phase in which the electron cannot escape.
