20年来中国冬油菜新品种产量和抗病性状分析

应用近20年中国冬油菜区域试验的汇总资料,对长江上、中、下游及黄淮4组油菜新品种产量性状及抗病性状进行分析,结果表明,冬油菜新品种平均产量整体呈上升趋势,且黄淮组产量水平高于其他组;各组平均单株有效角果数变化不明显,而平均每果粒数和千粒重呈上升趋势,长江流域每果粒数增量高于黄淮组,但千粒重增量低于黄淮组;冬油菜新品种菌核病和病毒病发病率下降明显,菌核病发病率最低时降到5%以下。今后一段时间内增加新品种每角粒数和千粒重是冬油菜遗传改良的重点,预计中国冬油菜新品种区域试验各组新品种产量水平仍将继续提高。

Analysis of Yield and Disease Resistance Traits of New Winter Rapeseed Varieties over the Past Twenty Years in China

Based on the results of the national regional trail for winter rapeseed in four groups,including the upper reaches,middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Huang-Huai region in the past twenty years,new varieties of winter rapeseed showed upward trend in average yield,the yield level in Huang-huai group was higher than other groups.The changes of average effective pods per plant were not significant in any group,but the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight showed increase trend.However,the increment of grains per pod in three Yangtze River groups was higher than that in Huang-Huai River group,while the increment of 1 000-grain weight was just opposite.The incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral disease in new varieties of winter rapeseed obviously decreased,and the incidence rate of S.sclerotiorum decreased lower than 5%.Genetic improvement for winter rapeseed should be focus on the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight in the future,and yield level of new varieties in all four groups is expected to increase.

近年来我国冬油菜新品种的品质性状分析

对全国冬油菜区域试验的四大组（长江上、中、下游和黄淮地区）1987~2009年的参试新品种的主要品质性状进行了统计分析。结果表明,我国冬油菜新品种平均芥酸和硫甙含量显著下降,而近几年来新品种含油量逐渐上升。预计今后一段时间平均芥酸含量将可能接近于零,新品种含油量将进一步提高,到2015～2020年,全国冬油菜新品种平均含油量有望超过45%。