源自弦景观的有效Quintessence

最近Vafa等人提出了两个弦沼泽地的判据,并且在研究宇宙学中两个弦沼泽地判据所施加的约束条件时,发现暴胀模型通常与这两个判据很难相容.将这两个判据应用于当前时期宇宙的加速膨胀时,发现特定的quintessence模型可以满足这些限制,同时满足根据当前观测所施加的约束.基于大尺度洛伦兹破缺的宇宙学模型,我们得到了修正的Friedmann方程,在计算的过程中给出了三种可行的近似,并定义了一个有效的真空能量密度Λeff,其行为对于弦景观表现为单调下降的类quintessence势能,对于大部分具有裸的正真空能量密度的沼泽地,有效宇宙学常数随时间的演化会出现局域极小.将光度距离的计算结果与天文观测值做对比,我们得到负宇宙学常数也可以使宇宙产生加速膨胀,因而用亚稳的de Sitter真空来解释宇宙后期的加速膨胀是不必要的,沼泽地猜想所导致的沼泽地模型与后期宇宙加速膨胀不相容性的困难也就不存在了.

洛伦兹对称破缺与宇宙加速膨胀

1998年的超新星观测表明当今宇宙正在加速膨胀.暗能量是指宇宙加速膨胀的宇宙介质.正的宇宙学常数L是暗能量的重要候选者,但导致宇宙加速膨胀的原因并非L莫属.洛伦兹不变性是物理学最严格的对称性之一,然而所有的量子引力理论都预言了洛伦兹对称性的破缺.基于大尺度洛伦兹破缺(LargeScale Lorentz Violation,LSLV)的宇宙学模型,讨论了有效引力理论修正的Friedmann方程,由此可以得到,大尺度上的洛伦兹破缺和宇宙学常数项的综合效应会产生后期观测到的宇宙加速膨胀.

Uplifting of AdS type to quintessence-like potential induced by frozen large-scale Lorentz violation

The quintessence-like potential of vacuum energy can meet the requirements from both quantum gravity and the accelerating expansion of the universe.The anti-de Sitter(AdS)vacuum in string theory must be lifted to the meta-stable dS vacuum with a positive vacuum energy density to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe.Based on possible large-scale Lorentz violation,we define an effective cosmological constant that depends not only on the bare cosmological constant but also on the Lorentz violation effect.We find that the evolution of the effective cosmological constant exhibits the behavior of the quintessence potential when the bare cosmological constant originates from the string landscape,in contrast to the existence of a local minimum during evolution when the bare cosmological constant is supplied by the swampland.The critical value of the bare cosmological constant is approximately zero for the behavior transition.The frozen large-scale Lorentz violation can uplift the AdS vacua to an effective quintessence-like one in this sense.