本研究以皇竹草秸秆为生物质原料,在不同温度(400—700℃)下利用限氧热解法烧制一系列秸秆生物炭.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱对所得生物炭样品进行分析,结果表明,500℃可使皇竹草秸秆生物炭充分热解,所得的生物炭晶...本研究以皇竹草秸秆为生物质原料,在不同温度(400—700℃)下利用限氧热解法烧制一系列秸秆生物炭.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱对所得生物炭样品进行分析,结果表明,500℃可使皇竹草秸秆生物炭充分热解,所得的生物炭晶体构成主要由半晶体结构涡轮层碳和一些矿物晶体组成,表面含有芳香类化合物、不饱和的醚类物质、无定形碳和C—C、C—O、C—OH等官能团.吸附实验表明,不同热解温度的皇竹草秸秆生物炭对混合重金属(Cr(Ⅵ)、Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+))的吸附效果差异显著.在EDTA共存的条件下,皇竹草秸秆生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量远高于Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+),其中500℃下热解得到的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达1.525 mg·g-1,而对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附量约在0.05—0.15 mg·g-1.p H影响实验表明,在酸性条件(p H 1—4)下有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,其吸附量最高可达1.836 mg·g-1,在碱性条件(p H 9—13)下有利用于Cu^(2+)的去除,其吸附量最高可达0.836 mg·g-1.Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)在生物炭的吸附作用主要发生在C—C/C—H、C—O/C—OH等官能团上,重金属与生物炭中C—O官能团中的氧原子可能存在配位作用.展开更多
Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the u...Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile,previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land,and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts,there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.展开更多
The Microcystis aeruginosa(MA) was immobilized on sodium alginate and used as biosorbent for removal of Cd(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution.The biosorption process is pH dependent,and the optimum biosorption was observe...The Microcystis aeruginosa(MA) was immobilized on sodium alginate and used as biosorbent for removal of Cd(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution.The biosorption process is pH dependent,and the optimum biosorption was observed at pH 6.0 with the biosorption capacity of 98.38 mg/g.Among Langmuir,Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models,the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm fit well with the experimental data.Cd(Ⅱ) ions biosorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The rate controlling mechanism study reveals that film diffusion is the rate-limiting step and intraparticle diffusion is also involved in biosorption.Thermodynamic parameters,such as Gibbs free energy(ΔG°),the enthalpy(ΔH°) and entropy(ΔS°) were calculated,and revealed that the biosorption process is spontaneous,exothermic and random.Furthermore,the immobilized MA can be regenerated using 0.1 mol/L HCl solutions.展开更多
To establish a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of multi-heavy metals,the adsorption of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions from their single and binary systems by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharo...To establish a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of multi-heavy metals,the adsorption of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions from their single and binary systems by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(CAS)was investigated.The CAS beads were characterized by Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTTR).The effect of initial pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial metal ions concentration on the adsorption process was systematically investigated.The experimental maximum contents of Cu(II)and Pb(II)uptake capacity were determined as 64.90 and 166.31 mg/g,respectively.The pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir isotherm model could explain respectively the kinetic and isotherm experimental data of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions in single-component systems with much satisfaction.The experimental adsorption data of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions in binary system were best described by the extended Freundlich isotherm and the extended Langmuir isotherm,respectively.The removal of Cu(II)ions was more significantly influenced by the presence of the coexistent Pb(II)species,while the Pb(II)removal was affected slightly by varying the initial concentration of Cu(II).The CAS was successfully regenerated using 1 mol/L HNO3solution.展开更多
Acidic deposition,which is mainly caused by atmospheric pollution,is one of the global environmental problems.Thinning is an effective management to improve the tree productivity,reduce the wildfire risk and maintain ...Acidic deposition,which is mainly caused by atmospheric pollution,is one of the global environmental problems.Thinning is an effective management to improve the tree productivity,reduce the wildfire risk and maintain a healthy forest.Since thinning may reduce the effect of acidic deposition,the effect of thinning on acidic deposition was estimated.The biomass,soil properties,pH value of runoff and groundwater in both unthinned and thinned Chinese fir plantations were measured and compared over a 5-year period(2-6 years after thinning).The results indicated that acidic deposition in the Huitong State Ecosystem Research Station was serious,and it got worse with time.Forest thinning resulted in a huge change in biomass and soil properties.During the 5-year monitoring period,biomasses of understory and litter,plant species richness,coverage of undergrowth plant layer were significantly higher in thinned site than in unthinned site.Moreover,higher soil fertility as well as lower amounts of runoff and groundwater were found in thinned site.It was suggested that thinning could improve the structure of forest,leading to restoring the effluent(runoff and groundwater) pH to the normal value.展开更多
文摘本研究以皇竹草秸秆为生物质原料,在不同温度(400—700℃)下利用限氧热解法烧制一系列秸秆生物炭.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱对所得生物炭样品进行分析,结果表明,500℃可使皇竹草秸秆生物炭充分热解,所得的生物炭晶体构成主要由半晶体结构涡轮层碳和一些矿物晶体组成,表面含有芳香类化合物、不饱和的醚类物质、无定形碳和C—C、C—O、C—OH等官能团.吸附实验表明,不同热解温度的皇竹草秸秆生物炭对混合重金属(Cr(Ⅵ)、Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+))的吸附效果差异显著.在EDTA共存的条件下,皇竹草秸秆生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量远高于Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+),其中500℃下热解得到的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达1.525 mg·g-1,而对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附量约在0.05—0.15 mg·g-1.p H影响实验表明,在酸性条件(p H 1—4)下有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,其吸附量最高可达1.836 mg·g-1,在碱性条件(p H 9—13)下有利用于Cu^(2+)的去除,其吸附量最高可达0.836 mg·g-1.Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)在生物炭的吸附作用主要发生在C—C/C—H、C—O/C—OH等官能团上,重金属与生物炭中C—O官能团中的氧原子可能存在配位作用.
基金Project(41271332)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010YBB186)supported by the Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Chian
基金Project(11JJ2031)supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2009SK3029)supported by the Plan Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province,China
基金Project(41271332)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2031)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
基金Project(hdzy0903) supported by Hunan University Ability Training Program by the Basic Operation Costs of Central Colleges and Universities for Scientific Research
文摘Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile,previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land,and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts,there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.
基金Project(41271332) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2031) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2012SK2021) supported by the Science and Technology Planning Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(CX2012B138) supported by the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China
文摘The Microcystis aeruginosa(MA) was immobilized on sodium alginate and used as biosorbent for removal of Cd(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution.The biosorption process is pH dependent,and the optimum biosorption was observed at pH 6.0 with the biosorption capacity of 98.38 mg/g.Among Langmuir,Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models,the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm fit well with the experimental data.Cd(Ⅱ) ions biosorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The rate controlling mechanism study reveals that film diffusion is the rate-limiting step and intraparticle diffusion is also involved in biosorption.Thermodynamic parameters,such as Gibbs free energy(ΔG°),the enthalpy(ΔH°) and entropy(ΔS°) were calculated,and revealed that the biosorption process is spontaneous,exothermic and random.Furthermore,the immobilized MA can be regenerated using 0.1 mol/L HCl solutions.
基金Project(11JJ2031)supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘To establish a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of multi-heavy metals,the adsorption of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions from their single and binary systems by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(CAS)was investigated.The CAS beads were characterized by Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTTR).The effect of initial pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial metal ions concentration on the adsorption process was systematically investigated.The experimental maximum contents of Cu(II)and Pb(II)uptake capacity were determined as 64.90 and 166.31 mg/g,respectively.The pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir isotherm model could explain respectively the kinetic and isotherm experimental data of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions in single-component systems with much satisfaction.The experimental adsorption data of Cu(II)and Pb(II)ions in binary system were best described by the extended Freundlich isotherm and the extended Langmuir isotherm,respectively.The removal of Cu(II)ions was more significantly influenced by the presence of the coexistent Pb(II)species,while the Pb(II)removal was affected slightly by varying the initial concentration of Cu(II).The CAS was successfully regenerated using 1 mol/L HNO3solution.
基金Project(41271332)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2031)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Acidic deposition,which is mainly caused by atmospheric pollution,is one of the global environmental problems.Thinning is an effective management to improve the tree productivity,reduce the wildfire risk and maintain a healthy forest.Since thinning may reduce the effect of acidic deposition,the effect of thinning on acidic deposition was estimated.The biomass,soil properties,pH value of runoff and groundwater in both unthinned and thinned Chinese fir plantations were measured and compared over a 5-year period(2-6 years after thinning).The results indicated that acidic deposition in the Huitong State Ecosystem Research Station was serious,and it got worse with time.Forest thinning resulted in a huge change in biomass and soil properties.During the 5-year monitoring period,biomasses of understory and litter,plant species richness,coverage of undergrowth plant layer were significantly higher in thinned site than in unthinned site.Moreover,higher soil fertility as well as lower amounts of runoff and groundwater were found in thinned site.It was suggested that thinning could improve the structure of forest,leading to restoring the effluent(runoff and groundwater) pH to the normal value.
