攻击行为正逐渐上升为一个突出的公共卫生问题,是否能够寻找到攻击性行为的神经标志物,成为了心理学家和神经科学家的共同关注目标。P300被认为可作为独立指标有效预测攻击性行为。本文分别介绍了P300在临床群体、犯罪群体和非临床暴力...攻击行为正逐渐上升为一个突出的公共卫生问题,是否能够寻找到攻击性行为的神经标志物,成为了心理学家和神经科学家的共同关注目标。P300被认为可作为独立指标有效预测攻击性行为。本文分别介绍了P300在临床群体、犯罪群体和非临床暴力风险群体的攻击性行为测量中的应用,评估了研究结果的一致性,并从P300指标的多角度分析及与其他ERP成分的结合、对犯罪群体进行进一步的类型细分、P300的应用场景拓展(如监内暴力预测、暴力行为干预效果评估和正常人攻击风险测量)等三个方面对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Aggressive behavior is gradually emerging as a prominent public health problem. Finding neural markers for aggressive behavior has become a common focus for psychologists and neuroscientists. The P300 is considered to be an independent indicator that can effectively predict aggressive behavior. This article introduces the application of P300 in the measurement of aggressive behavior in clinical, criminal and non-clinical violence risk groups, evaluates the consistency of research results, and looks forward to future research directions from three perspectives: multi-dimensional analysis of P300 predictors and combination with other ERP components, further subdivision of criminal groups, and expansion of the application scenarios of P300 (such as the prediction of violence in prison, the evaluation of the effectiveness of violence intervention and the measurement of the risk of aggression in normal people).展开更多
海底地形变化对声传播具有很大影响,在南海深海区域海底斜坡环境下进行了一次声传播实验,实验显示倾斜海底环境下声传播损失出现了一些不同于平坦海底环境下的现象,分析并解释了海底地形变化对产生声传播差异的原因.结果表明,海底斜坡...海底地形变化对声传播具有很大影响,在南海深海区域海底斜坡环境下进行了一次声传播实验,实验显示倾斜海底环境下声传播损失出现了一些不同于平坦海底环境下的现象,分析并解释了海底地形变化对产生声传播差异的原因.结果表明,海底斜坡对声波的反射增强作用可使斜坡上方的声传播损失减少约5 d B.当声波第一次入射到达的海底位置有较小幅度的山丘(凸起高度小于1/10海深)时,海底小山丘即可对声波有反射遮挡作用,导致在其反射区特定传播距离和深度上出现倒三角声影区,比平坦海底环境下相同影区位置处的传播损失增大约8 d B,影响深度可达海面以下1500 m.而海底斜坡对声波的反射阻挡作用使得从海面反射及水体向下折射的会聚区结构消失,只剩下从水体向上折射的会聚结构.因此,海底地形对深海声传播影响较大,在水下目标探测和性能评估等应用中应予以重视.展开更多
文摘攻击行为正逐渐上升为一个突出的公共卫生问题,是否能够寻找到攻击性行为的神经标志物,成为了心理学家和神经科学家的共同关注目标。P300被认为可作为独立指标有效预测攻击性行为。本文分别介绍了P300在临床群体、犯罪群体和非临床暴力风险群体的攻击性行为测量中的应用,评估了研究结果的一致性,并从P300指标的多角度分析及与其他ERP成分的结合、对犯罪群体进行进一步的类型细分、P300的应用场景拓展(如监内暴力预测、暴力行为干预效果评估和正常人攻击风险测量)等三个方面对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Aggressive behavior is gradually emerging as a prominent public health problem. Finding neural markers for aggressive behavior has become a common focus for psychologists and neuroscientists. The P300 is considered to be an independent indicator that can effectively predict aggressive behavior. This article introduces the application of P300 in the measurement of aggressive behavior in clinical, criminal and non-clinical violence risk groups, evaluates the consistency of research results, and looks forward to future research directions from three perspectives: multi-dimensional analysis of P300 predictors and combination with other ERP components, further subdivision of criminal groups, and expansion of the application scenarios of P300 (such as the prediction of violence in prison, the evaluation of the effectiveness of violence intervention and the measurement of the risk of aggression in normal people).
文摘海底地形变化对声传播具有很大影响,在南海深海区域海底斜坡环境下进行了一次声传播实验,实验显示倾斜海底环境下声传播损失出现了一些不同于平坦海底环境下的现象,分析并解释了海底地形变化对产生声传播差异的原因.结果表明,海底斜坡对声波的反射增强作用可使斜坡上方的声传播损失减少约5 d B.当声波第一次入射到达的海底位置有较小幅度的山丘(凸起高度小于1/10海深)时,海底小山丘即可对声波有反射遮挡作用,导致在其反射区特定传播距离和深度上出现倒三角声影区,比平坦海底环境下相同影区位置处的传播损失增大约8 d B,影响深度可达海面以下1500 m.而海底斜坡对声波的反射阻挡作用使得从海面反射及水体向下折射的会聚区结构消失,只剩下从水体向上折射的会聚结构.因此,海底地形对深海声传播影响较大,在水下目标探测和性能评估等应用中应予以重视.