中微量元素对黄冠梨叶片生长发育及果实品质的影响

以黄冠梨为材料,探讨中微量元素不同配比组合对黄冠梨果实品质的影响,为梨生产上平衡施肥提供参考。通过将中量元素Ca、Mg肥与微量元素Fe、Zn、B肥,按5因素4水平正交设计方案喷施黄冠梨,探索其不同配比组合在黄冠梨树体生长发育期间的动态变化趋势,以及对黄冠梨叶片叶绿素含量及果实品质的影响。结果表明:在3—5月,黄冠梨叶片中Fe元素含量呈线性增长,之后总体上趋于稳定;Zn元素含量总体上呈"升—降—升—降"变化趋势;B元素含量呈"升—缓—降"变化趋势;Mg元素含量总体上呈"升—降"变化趋势;Ca元素含量总体上呈上升趋势,至7月时含量最高。果实中的5种中微量元素含量在果实发育过程中总体均呈下降趋势。相关分析结果表明,叶片中B与Mg、Mg与Ca含量均呈极显著正相关;叶片中Zn与果实中Zn呈显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,在施肥时应优先考虑喷施能提高果实内在品质(含糖量)为主的Fe 0.4%、Zn 0.4%、B 0%、Mg 0.25%、Ca 1.0%或Fe 0.4%、Zn0.5%、B 0.2%、Mg 0%、Ca 0.7%组合;如单纯追求以产量指标为主,则喷施Fe 0.3%、Zn 0.3%、B 0%、Mg 0.75%、Ca0.7%组合。但在实际生产上果实内在品质常为第一考虑因素,产量指标为第二考虑因素。结合主成分分析和人们对水果的食用习惯(喜甜恶酸),以处理11(即Fe 0.4%、Zn 0.4%、B 0%、Mg 0.25%、Ca 1.0%)为最佳水平。

Effects of Fertilizers with Different Proportions of N, P and K on Citrus Fruit Cracking

[Objective] The aim was to explore fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K on citrus fruit cracking and to seek best treatment in preventing fruit cracking. [Method] Compound fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K were prepared, supplemented by leaf fertilizers with varying mineral elements. [Result] It is proved the treatment II containing spring fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=20：10：10）, summer fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=16：8：16）, and leaf fertilizers with calcium nitrate solu- tion （0.5%） achieved the best prevention effects of fruit cracking. In the meantime, N-to-K ratio and N-to-Ca ratio were proved of positive correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratios, the higher the proportion of cracked fruits, vice versa. On other hand, Ca-to-K ratio was of negative correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratio, the lower the proportion of cracked fruits. [Conclusion] In practical production, fertilization should be conducted as per soil moisture content, tree growth, and seasons, in a balanced and comprehensive way.

施用K、B肥对杨梅果实品质及贮藏性的影响

为了提高杨梅果实采收和贮藏品质,以"荸荠"种杨梅为材料,在发育期施用不同水平的K、B肥组合,评价施肥对杨梅果实采收和贮藏品质以及贮藏期主要抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:果实内的矿物质元素N、P、K、B含量以处理组合B2K1(6.0 g B/L+1.0 kg K/株)最高,Zn含量以处理组合B2K2(6.0 g B/L+1.0 kg K/株)最高。处理B2K1果实单果重量、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可溶性糖含量(WSS)及Vc含量最高,而可滴定酸含量最低。果实内矿质元素N、P、K、B、Zn含量与果实的单果重量、WSS、TSS、Vc等含量成正相关关系。在贮藏期,杨梅果实品质指标除TSS以外,其他品质指标含量都以处理B2K1下降最少;杨梅果实内POD、SOD、CAT酶活性均以处理B2K1最高;MDA含量以处理B2K2最低、处理B2K1次之。综合各种因素,以处理组合B2K1果实采收和贮藏期品质最佳,贮藏性能最优,处理组合B2K2次之。该结果可为高品质杨梅产业化生产施肥提供参考依据。