新能源汽车的充电基础设施是新能源汽车产业的重要组成部分,是新能源汽车最重要的配套基础设施。针对现有充电桩无法进行远程管理控制和数据采集的问题,基于现有充电桩和国家标准设计一款电动汽车有序充电智能管控装置。该装置主要由数...新能源汽车的充电基础设施是新能源汽车产业的重要组成部分,是新能源汽车最重要的配套基础设施。针对现有充电桩无法进行远程管理控制和数据采集的问题,基于现有充电桩和国家标准设计一款电动汽车有序充电智能管控装置。该装置主要由数据转换单元(Data Transfer Unit,DTU)和充电管理控制器组成。DTU与每台充电中的充电管理控制器及小区基础负荷总电度量表进行通信,同时通过以太网接口与服务器进行通信,实现数据的远程传输与中转。同时解决充电桩与服务器之间的连接问题。充电管理控制器作为核心部件,具备控制充电桩的通断和采集充电状态信息的功能。通过接收来自服务器的指令,可以实现对充电桩的远程控制。同时充电管理控制器还可以实时采集充电桩的充电状态信息,并将这些信息传输给服务器,以便用户和管理员进行查看和监控。展开更多
[Objective] The deliver amount and deliver rate of heavy metal elements during smoking were studied, which could provide a reference for reducing the damage of cigarette products. [Method] Two pretreatment methodsof m...[Objective] The deliver amount and deliver rate of heavy metal elements during smoking were studied, which could provide a reference for reducing the damage of cigarette products. [Method] Two pretreatment methodsof microwave di- gestion and acid extraction were used to process the ash content, the total particu- late matter of mainstream smoke （TPM） and cigarette filter. Detection results of heavy metal elements were compared by the two methods. [Result] The microwave digestion method was better than acid solution extraction method on analysis of TPM, but presented disadvantages on analysis of ash and filter. Meanwhile, the migration amount and rate were studied and resultsshowed that most heavy metal elements were escaped along with sidestream smoke between 66.89% and 95.48%, and almost all Hg escaped through sidestream smoke. Other heavy metal elements, except Hg, were separately found in ash, TPM and filter. Cr, Ni, As and Se were mostly residual in ash, followed by TPM, and filter had the least, while Cd and Pb were just in the reverse order. Normally, 5% or less heavy metal elements were transferred to TPM, only a small part of which could reach 5%-10%. [Conclusion] Most of the heavy metal elements are taken by sidestream smoke, ash and filter, while the migration amounts to mainstream smoke are extremely low.展开更多
文摘新能源汽车的充电基础设施是新能源汽车产业的重要组成部分,是新能源汽车最重要的配套基础设施。针对现有充电桩无法进行远程管理控制和数据采集的问题,基于现有充电桩和国家标准设计一款电动汽车有序充电智能管控装置。该装置主要由数据转换单元(Data Transfer Unit,DTU)和充电管理控制器组成。DTU与每台充电中的充电管理控制器及小区基础负荷总电度量表进行通信,同时通过以太网接口与服务器进行通信,实现数据的远程传输与中转。同时解决充电桩与服务器之间的连接问题。充电管理控制器作为核心部件,具备控制充电桩的通断和采集充电状态信息的功能。通过接收来自服务器的指令,可以实现对充电桩的远程控制。同时充电管理控制器还可以实时采集充电桩的充电状态信息,并将这些信息传输给服务器,以便用户和管理员进行查看和监控。
文摘[Objective] The deliver amount and deliver rate of heavy metal elements during smoking were studied, which could provide a reference for reducing the damage of cigarette products. [Method] Two pretreatment methodsof microwave di- gestion and acid extraction were used to process the ash content, the total particu- late matter of mainstream smoke （TPM） and cigarette filter. Detection results of heavy metal elements were compared by the two methods. [Result] The microwave digestion method was better than acid solution extraction method on analysis of TPM, but presented disadvantages on analysis of ash and filter. Meanwhile, the migration amount and rate were studied and resultsshowed that most heavy metal elements were escaped along with sidestream smoke between 66.89% and 95.48%, and almost all Hg escaped through sidestream smoke. Other heavy metal elements, except Hg, were separately found in ash, TPM and filter. Cr, Ni, As and Se were mostly residual in ash, followed by TPM, and filter had the least, while Cd and Pb were just in the reverse order. Normally, 5% or less heavy metal elements were transferred to TPM, only a small part of which could reach 5%-10%. [Conclusion] Most of the heavy metal elements are taken by sidestream smoke, ash and filter, while the migration amounts to mainstream smoke are extremely low.
