高硅铝合金中初晶硅形态控制研究进展

初晶硅形态对高硅铝合金性能具有重要影响,其形核长大机制、形态演化机制是高硅铝合金的主要研究内容之一;尽管已有诸如变质剂处理、半固态搅拌、快速凝固、电脉冲处理等可改善初晶硅形貌的方法,但目前要完全实现控制初晶硅形态并使之球化,使用现有工艺较为困难。综述了目前主要的控制初晶硅形态的方法、研究现状及其控制机制,并对其未来的研究方向提出了一些建议。

Formation of composites fabricated by exothermic dispersion reaction in Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3 system

The formation of aluminum matrix composites fabricated by exothermic dispersion reaction in Al-TiO2-B2O3 system was investigated. The thermal analysis results show that the reactions are spontaneous and exothermic. The Gibbs free energy of α-Al2O3 is the lowest among all the combustion products, followed by TiB2 and Al3Ti. It is noted that when the B2O3/TiO2 mole ratio is below 1, the reaction products are composed of particle-like α-Al2O3, TiB2 and rod-like Al3Ti. The α-Al2O3 crystallites, resulting from the reaction between Al and TiO2 or B2O3, are segregated at the grain boundaries due to a lower wettability with the matrix. SEM micrographs show that rod-like Al3Ti phase distributes uniformly in the matrix. When the B2O3/TiO2 mole ratio is around 1, the Al3Ti phase almost disappears in the composites, and the distribution of α-Al2O3 particulates is improved evidently.

变质和铸造工艺对Al-20Si合金初生Si组织的影响

研究了铸造工艺和变质处理对Al-20Si合金中初生Si组织的影响。利用光学显微镜以及Image Pro金相分析软件,对经过不同铸造工艺和变质处理的过共晶Al-Si合金组织进行了观察、分析和计算。结果表明,控制浇注温度、铸型温度以及变质剂加入量可细化初生Si颗粒,且变质剂细化初生Si颗粒的效果远大于浇注温度、铸型温度;当浇注温度为760℃或铸型温度为200℃时,凝固组织中的初生Si颗粒尺寸小于90μm,而磷盐变质剂加入量为0.8%或Cu-14P中间合金加入量为0.4%时,初生Si颗粒尺寸小于20μm。