Meme, which was proposed by Dawkins first, is considered as one of the necessary elements which can explain the emergence and extinction of the language. Thus, some linguists are engaged in perfecting the linguistic t...Meme, which was proposed by Dawkins first, is considered as one of the necessary elements which can explain the emergence and extinction of the language. Thus, some linguists are engaged in perfecting the linguistic theories from the completely new aspect based on the new interface -- meme. This paper has briefly introduced the preliminary achievements in the memetics research. In terms of the memetics it gives a new analysis on the prototype theory, one of the important theories in the cognitive linguistics, and explores that meme is the cognitive root of the prototype theory. Besides, employing the memetics the paper has explained the cognitive characteristics of the prototype theory. The authors hold the prototype is one kind of memes, while the non-prototype or peripheral member of this prototype is the memetine of this meme.展开更多
文摘目的 :系统评价髓内钉或克氏针与钢板固定比较治疗锁骨骨折的疗效和并发症。方法 :计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普期刊数据库医药卫生辑(VIP)及万方数据库数据库。纳入比较髓内固定与髓外固定治疗锁骨骨折的前瞻性或随机随照研究。采用Rev Man 5软件进行Meta分析,比较术后肩关节功能评分、手术疗效、手术指标及术后并发症率。结果:共纳入10篇随机对照研究、3篇半随机对照研究,合计976例纳入系统评价。5篇文献比较了克氏针与钢板的疗效,8篇文献比较了髓内钉与钢板的疗效。克氏针与钢板术后疗效优良率比值比(RR)3.79[95%可信区间,1.93,7.46],6篇文献报告了髓内钉与钢板术后Constant评分,总体均数差为-1.39[-3.43,0.65]。5篇文献报告了髓内钉与钢板术后的大并发症率,RR为9.34[2.70,32.32]。5篇文献比较了髓内钉与钢板的再手术率,RR为5.04[1.52,16.77]。结论:现有研究证据表明髓内钉治疗锁骨骨折的术后并发症率及再手术率明显低于钢板;克氏针固定的术后疗效明显低于钢板固定。现有数据的总样本量有一定程度的局限性,期待未来大样本高质量随机对照试验进一步证明结果。
文摘Meme, which was proposed by Dawkins first, is considered as one of the necessary elements which can explain the emergence and extinction of the language. Thus, some linguists are engaged in perfecting the linguistic theories from the completely new aspect based on the new interface -- meme. This paper has briefly introduced the preliminary achievements in the memetics research. In terms of the memetics it gives a new analysis on the prototype theory, one of the important theories in the cognitive linguistics, and explores that meme is the cognitive root of the prototype theory. Besides, employing the memetics the paper has explained the cognitive characteristics of the prototype theory. The authors hold the prototype is one kind of memes, while the non-prototype or peripheral member of this prototype is the memetine of this meme.
