餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵技术研究进展及展望

总结了餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵的关键影响因素(温度、pH、含固率、有机负荷、含盐量和含油量、C/N、氨氮、挥发性脂肪酸),概述了强化餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵的主要策略(外源添加剂、预处理、接种物、共发酵)。对餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵的发展方向提出了展望及建议。

人类活动对西球站水文特性的影响分析

兴建水库、整治河道在减轻下游地区、河流两岸洪涝灾害,提高水资源利用率方面发挥了重要作用,但各种涉河工程措施也改变了河道水文特性。通过对曹娥江支流长乐江整治以及上游蓄水工程建设前后的西球站水文资料分析表明,兴建水库和整治河道对所在流域的水文特性有明显影响。

Receptivity of Mack modes to localized unsteady blowing and suction in a chemical non-equilibrium hypersonic boundary layer

This paper studies the local receptivity of the Mack-mode instability to localized unsteady blowing and suction(UBS)in a chem-ical non-equilibrium(CNE)hypersonic boundary layer.The five-species CNE model is employed,and the receptivity efficiency is formulated by use of the residual theorem.Compared with the results for the calorically perfect gas(CPG)model,we find that the real-gas effect enhances the receptivity efficiency remarkably in the majority of the second-mode frequency band,and the enhancement is mainly attributed to the modification of the base flow due to the CNE effect,which is akin to the cold-wall effect in hypersonic boundary layers.Combined with the destabilizing role of the CNE effect on the Mack second mode,it is concluded that the CNE effect would lead to a greater linearly accumulated perturbation amplitude,implying premature of transition to turbulence in a high-enthalpy hypersonic boundary layer subject to localized perturbations.

氟苯尼考降低生物除磷性能的影响行为及机制解析

为探究新兴污染物氟苯尼考(FF)对强化生物除磷(EBPR)的影响及作用机制,构建了序批式反应器,通过不同质量浓度的FF短期和长期暴露,分析了生物除磷效率的变化规律,解析了FF和胞外聚合物的作用机制,明确了EBPR内微生物群落结构对FF的响应特征.研究发现,FF对EBPR性能的影响具有浓度依赖性,即0.1 mg·L^(-1)的FF对EBPR的性能没有明显影响,而2.0 mg·L^(-1)的FF降低了除磷效率.机制研究表明,2.0 mg·L^(-1) FF长期暴露对厌氧阶段磷酸盐的释放没有影响,但降低好氧阶段磷酸盐的过量吸收.三维荧光分析表明,2.0 mg·L^(-1) FF对活性污泥的胞外聚合物的结构和成分有明显影响.微生物群落结构分析表明,与空白组相比,2.0 mg·L^(-1)的FF提高了Candidatus Competibacter、Tetrasphaera和Terrimonas的相对丰度,分别至19.00%、5.28%和16.28%,但显著地降低了Chinophagaceae的相对丰度.本结果为EBPR工艺处理含FF的废水提供了一定的参考依据.